very excessive

ad-mŏdum, adv. [modus], prop., to the measure or limit (scarcely found in the poets, except the comic poets);

as, postea ubi occipiet fervere, paulisper demittito, usque admodum dum quinquies quinque numeres,

quite to the limit till you count, until you count, Cato, R. R. 156, 2 (like fere and omnino, freq. put after its word).— Hence,

To a (great) measure, in a high degree, much, very. —With adj., P. adj., vbs., and adv.

With adj.:

admodum causam gravem,

Lucil. 29, 19 Müll.:

admodum antiqui,

Cic. Phil. 5, 47:

admodum amplum et excelsum,

id. Verr. 4, 74:

utrique nostrum gratum admodum feceris,

id. Lael. 4, 16; so id. Verr. 2, 3, 10:

nec admodum in virum honorificum,

Liv. 6, 34, 8:

in quo multum admodum fortunae datur,

Cic. Fin. 5, 5, 12:

neque admodum sunt multi,

Nep. Reg. 1, 1:

admodum magnis itineribus,

Caes. B. G. 7, 56:

admodum pauci,

Cic. Phil. 3, 36; 14, 27; id. N. D. 3, 69; Tac. G. 18:

pauci admodum,

Liv. 10, 41:

iter angustum admodum,

Sall. J. 92:

admodum nimia ubertas,

very excessive, Col. 4, 21:

admodum dives,

Suet. Caes. 1:

brevis admodum,

id. ib. 56.—And strengthened by quam, q. v. (only before and after the class. per.):

hic admodum quam saevus est,

very cruel indeed, Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 43:

voce admodum quam suavi,

Gell. 19, 9 (on this use of quam, cf. Rudd. II. p. 307, n. 15).—

With part. adj.:

admodum iratum senem,

Ter. Phorm. 3, 1, 13:

iratum admodum,

id. Ad. 3, 3, 49:

natio admodum dedita religionibus,

Caes. B. G. 6, 16:

prorae admodum erectae,

id. ib. 3, 13:

admodum mitigati,

Liv. 1, 10:

munitus admodum,

Tac. A. 2, 80:

admodum fuit militum virtus laudanda,

Caes. B. G. 5, 8.—Esp. is it joined (like komidêi in Dem.) with words denoting age; as, puer, adulescens, juvenis, senex, to enhance the idea (for which in some cases the dim. or the prefix per- is used;

as, puellus, adulescentulus, peradulescentulus): Catulus admodum tum adulescens,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 7, 21; id. Off. 2, 13, 47; Tac. A. 1, 3:

puer admodum,

Liv. 31, 28; Sen. Brev. Vit. 7, 3; Quint. 12, 6, 1:

admodum infans,

Tac. A. 4, 13:

juvenis admodum,

id. H. 4, 5:

fratres admodum juvenes,

Curt. 7, 2, 12:

admodum senex,

Eutr. 8, 1:

admodum parvulus,

Just. 17, 3:

non admodum grandem natu,

Cic. Sen. 4, 10.— Also with dim.: neque admodum adulescentulus est, Naev. ap. Sergium ad Don. Keil, Gr. Lat. IV. p. 559 (Rib. Com. Fragm. p. 11):

hic admodum adulescentulus est,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 90; so Nep. Ham. 1, 1 (cf. peradulescentulus, id. Eum. 1, 4), and Tac. A. 4, 44.—

With verbs (in earlier Latin, mostly with delectare, diligere, placere): haec anus admodum frigultit, Enn. ap. Fulg. p. 175:

irridere ne videare et gestire admodum,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 125:

neque admodum a pueris abscessit,

Naev. Rib. Com. Fragm. p. 11:

me superiores litterae tuae admodum delectaverunt,

Cic. Fam. 5, 19; id. Att. 7, 24:

ejus familiarissimos, qui me admodum diligunt,

id. Fam. 4, 13:

stomacho admodum prodest,

Plin. 20, 3, 7, § 13:

bucinum pelagio admodum adligatur,

id. 9, 38, 62, § 134:

(familia) ipsa admodum floruit,

Suet. Tib. 3:

Marius auctis admodum copiis... vicit,

Flor. 1, 36, 13 Halm.—

With adv.:

haec inter nos nuper notitia admodum est,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 1: si quando demersimus, aut nihil superum aut obscure admodum cernimus, Cic. Ac. ap. Non. 7, 57: acipenser, qui admodum raro capitur, id. de Fato ap. Macr. S. 2, 12:

raro admodum admonitu amicorum... uti solebat,

Curt. 4, 13, 25:

ubi satis admodum suorum animos est expertus,

Liv. 34, 13, 4 Weissenb. (Hertz cancels satis): quae maxime admodum oratori accommodata est, Auct. ad Her. 4, 12, 17 (Oudendorp regarded this as a mere pleonasm, and Hand seems to agree with him; Klotz and B. and K. adopt after Goerenz the reading maxime ad modum oratoris, but Hand condemned this form).—

To a (full) measure, fully, completely, wholly, quite, absolutely.

Of number (not used in this way by Cic., Tac., or Suet.): noctu turres admodum CXX. excitantur, full 120, Caes. B. G. 5, 40: sex milia hostium caesa;

quinque admodum Romanorum,

Liv. 22, 24. 14; 42, 65, 3;

44, 43, 8: mille admodum hostium utràque pugnā occidit,

id. 27, 30, 2:

in laevo cornu Bactriani ibant equites, mille admodum,

a round thousand, Curt. 4, 12, 3: mille admodum equites praemiserat, quorum paucitate Alexander, etc., a thousand, but not more (as the context requires), id. 4, 9, 24:

congregati admodum quingenti sponsos hostes consectantur, trucidatisque admodum novem milibus, etc.,

Just. 24, 1.

24, 26, Gronovius ad Liv. 27, 30, 2, is rejected by recent scholars, as Hand, Turs. I. p. 175 sq., and by Corradini, Lex. Lat. s. h. v.

Of time:

legati ex Macedonia exacto admodum mense Februario redierunt,

when February was fully ended, Liv. 43, 11, 9:

Alexandri filius, rex Syriae, decem annos admodum habens,

just ten years, Liv. Epit. 55:

post menses admodum septem occiditur,

Just. 17, 2, 3.—

With negatives, just, at all, absolutely:

equestris pugna nulla admodum fuit,

no engagement with the cavalry at all, Liv. 23, 29, 14:

armorum magnam vim transtulit, nullam pecuniam admodum,

id. 40, 59, 2:

horunc illa nibilum quidquam facere poterit admodum,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 65:

Curio litterarum admodum nihil sciebat,

Cic. Brut. 58, 210:

oratorem plane quidem perfectum et cui nihil admodum desit, Demosthenem facile dixeris,

id. 9, 35: alter non multum, alter nihil admodum scripti reliquit (by the latter is meant Antonius, who indeed, acc. to Brut. 44, 163, left a treatise de ratione dicendi, but no written oration at all, by which his eloquence could be judged), id. Or. 38, 132; id. Clu. 50, 140; id. Or. 2, 2, 8; eirôneia a tropo genere ipso nihil admodum distat, Quint. 9, 2, 44;

quia nihil admodum super vite aut arbore colenda sciret,

Gell. 19, 12. —

In emphatic affirmative or corroborative answers, = maxime (Gr. panu ge), exactly, just so, quite so, certainly, yes (freq. in Plaut., only twice in Ter.); cf. the remark of Cic.: scis solere, frater, in hujusmodi sermone, ut transiri alio possit, dici Admodum aut Prorsus ita est, Leg. 3, 11, 26: nempe tu hanc dicis, quam esse aiebas dudum popularem meam. Tr. Admodum, Certainly, Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 36: num quidnam ad filium haec aegritudo attinet? Ni. Admodum, It does, id. Bacch. 5, 1, 24; 4, 1, 40; id. Rud. 1, 5, 10; 1, 2, 55; 3, 6, 2; id. Ps. 4, 7, 54: Advenis modo? Pa. Admodum, Yes, Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 8; id. Phorm. 2, 2, 1.

may have the same force as in II., in:

quandam formam ingenii, sed admodum impolitam et plane rudem,

absolutely without polish and altogether rude, Cic. Brut. 85, 294, compared with:

(oratorem) plane perfectum et cui nihil admodum desit,

id. ib. 9, 35, where the same adverbs occur.

nĭmĭus, a, um, adj. [nimis], beyond measure, excessive, too great, too much.

Lit.:

quod autem satis est, eo quidquid accesserit nimium est,

Cic. Fin. 5, 27, 81:

vitem coërcet, ne in omnes partes nimia fundatur,

id. Sen. 15, 52:

nimiae celeritates,

id. Off. 1, 36, 131:

nimiā pertinaciā atque arrogantiā,

Caes. B. C. 1, 85:

Prometheus Assiduam nimio pectore pavit avem,

that grew again too fast, Mart. Spect. 7, 2.—

With abl. of thing, excessive, immoderate, intemperate in any thing:

fiduciā nimius, Sall. Fragm. ap. Arus. Mess.: rebus secundis nimii,

too much elated, Tac. H. 4, 23:

nimius mero,

Hor. C. 2, 12, 5.—

With gen.:

impotens et nimius animi est,

Liv. 6, 11, 3:

imperii,

id. 3, 26:

sermonis,

Tac. H. 3, 75:

pugnae,

Sil. 5, 232.—

Subst.: nĭmĭum, ii, n., too much, superabundance, excess:

mediocritatem illam tenebit, quae est inter nimium et parum,

Cic. Off. 1, 25, 89:

juris,

Sil. 14, 670:

auri argentique nimium fuit,

Plin. 33 prooem. § 5.—

In partic., too mighty, too powerful (post-Aug.):

Cn. Pompeium esse nimium jam liberae reipublicae,

Vell. 2, 32, 1:

legio legatis nimia ac formidolosa erat,

Tac. Agr. 7; Flor. 3, 15, 3.—

Transf., great beyond measure, i. e. very great, very much:

homo nimiā pulchritudine,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 8:

nimia memoras mira,

id. Am. 2, 1, 69; 5, 1, 52; Mart. 5, 64, 3.—

Subst.: nĭmĭum, ii, n.: nimium boni est, cui nil est [in diem] mali, it is great good fortune (a transl. of Eurip. Hec. 2: keinos olbiôtatos), Enn. ap. Cic. Fin. 2, 13, 41 (Trag. v. 237 Vahl.).—Hence,

In the abl., nĭmĭo, adverb., exceedingly, by far, much, very, Plaut. Truc. 4, 1, 6:

nimio mavolo,

id. Poen. 1, 2, 90.—Esp., with comparatives, = multo:

scito, nimio celerius venire quod molestum'st,

Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 69 Lorenz ad loc.:

nimio nequior,

id. ib. 1, 2, 65: quia te nimio plus diligo, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8 A, 1:

ne doleas plus nimio,

Hor. C. 1, 33, 1:

nimio minus,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 21:

nimio melius,

id. Pers. 1, 3, 31:

nimio plus quam satis tutum esset, etc.,

Liv. 1, 2, 3:

nimio plus quam velim,

id. 2, 37, 4; 29, 33, 4:

nimio amplior,

Gell. 1, 3, 25.—Hence, adv., in two forms.

nĭmĭum, too much, too ( = nimis, in all uses, v. infra):

nimium parce facere sumptum,

Ter. And. 2, 6, 19:

nimium dicere, opp. parum,

Cic. Clu. 58, 160:

nimium ne crede colori,

Verg. E. 2, 17:

diu,

Cic. Cat. 1, 5, 10:

longum tempus,

id. Att. 12, 18, 1:

nimium multi,

id. Clu. 46, 126:

nimium gratum... gratum praeter modum,

id. Planc. 33, 82:

amantes mei,

Quint. 1 prooem. 7 et saep.—

Non nimium, not very much, not particularly:

illud non nimium probo,

Cic. Fam. 12, 30, 7.—

Transf., very much, greatly, exceedingly:

homo nimium lepidus,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 8:

nimium lepida nimisque nitida femina,

id. ib. 4, 2, 12; id. Ps. 1, 2, 71:

loci nimium mirabiles,

id. Trin. 4, 2, 86:

nimium vellem,

Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 49:

o fortunatos nimium, sua si bona norint, Agricolas!

Verg. G. 2, 458:

felix, heu nimium felix!

id. A. 4, 657; Stat. S. 3, 3, 25.—In class. prose esp.—

Nimium quantum, as much as can be, very much indeed, exceedingly, very:

differt inter honestum et turpe nimium quantum,

Cic. Fin. 4, 25, 70:

sales in dicendo nimium quantum valent,

id. Or. 26, 87:

ille nimium quantum audacter, Oves, inquit, etc.,

Gell. 16, 6, 9 (nimium quam, false reading for quae nimium, Quint. 4, 2, 70. In Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 13, the better reading is hem quam, v. Ritschl ad h. l.).—

nĭmĭē (post-class.).

Too much, excessively:

nimie aliquid facere,

Capitol. Gord. 6:

arat (frontem rugis) non nimie sed pulchre dictum,

Macr. S. 6, 6.—

Transf., very much, very:

in locis nimie frigidis,

Pall. 4, 10.

multus (old form moltus), a, um; comp. plus; sup. plurimus (v. at the end of this art.), adj. [etym. dub.], much, great, many, of things corporeal and incorporeal.

In gen.: multi mortales, Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17: multi suam rem [p. 1173] bene gessere: multi qui, etc., Enn. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 6, 1 (Trag. v. 295 sq. Vahl.):

multi fortissimi viri,

Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 3:

rationes,

id. de Or. 1, 51, 222. tam multis verbis scribere, at such length, id. Fam. 3, 8, 1:

beneficia. Cato ap. Fest. s. v. ratissima, p. 286 Mull.: multi alii,

Ter. And. 5, 4, 28.—When used with another adjective it is usually connected with it by a conjunction:

multae et magnae contentiones,

many great conlests, Cic. Phil. 2, 3, 7; 3, 10, 26:

O multas et graves offensiones,

id. Att. 11, 7, 3:

multi et graves dolores,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 45, § 119:

multi et varii timores,

Liv. 3, 16, 3:

multae bonaeque artes animi,

Sall. J. 28, 5:

multa et clara facinora,

Tac. A. 12, 31.—But when the second adjective is used substantively the conjunction is omitted:

multi improbi,

Cic. Off. 2, 8, 28; 2, 19, 65:

multi boni, docti, prudentes,

id. Fl. 4, 8:

multi nobiles,

id. Planc. 20, 50:

multa acerba habuit ille annus,

id. Sest. 27, 58; 66, 139:

multa infanda,

Liv. 28, 12, 5:

multa falsa,

id. 35, 23, 2.—Also, when the second adjective forms with its substantive a single conception:

multa secunda proelia,

victories, Liv. 9, 42, 5; 35, 1, 3; 41, 17, 1:

multa libera capita,

freemen, id. 42, 41, 11:

multae liberae civitates,

republics, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 30, § 68:

multos fortes viros,

id. Cat. 3, 2, 7; id. Mur. 8, 17:

multi clari viri,

noblemen, id. Leg. 1, 5, 17:

multi primarii viri,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 61, § 149.—Similarly, et is omitted between multi and adjectives which form with their substantives familiar phrases:

multi clarissimi viri,

Cic. Phil. 11, 10, 24:

multi amplissimi viri,

id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Deiot. 14, 39; id. Fam. 10, 25, 2; id. Att. 10, 8, 7; 16, 16, 11; id. Verr. 1, 7, 19:

multi honestissimi homines,

id. Fam. 15, 15, 3:

multi peritissimi homines,

id. Caecin. 24, 69:

multi summi homines,

id. Arch. 12, 30; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:

multi clarissimi et sapientissimi viri,

id. Planc. 4, 11; id. Cael. 18, 43.—Et is also omitted when the substantive stands between the two adjectives:

in veteribus patronis multis,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 1, 2:

multa praeterea bella gravia,

id. Agr. 2, 33, 90:

multis suppliciis justis,

id. Cat. 1, 8, 20:

multa majores nostri magna et gravia bella gesserunt,

id. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6:

plurima signa pulcherrima,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 23, § 61.—When both adjectives follow the substantive, et is sometimes inserted:

virtutes animi multae et magnae,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 64:

causas ille multas et graves habuit,

id. Clu. 30, 82;

and is sometimes omitted, the emphasis then falling on the second adjective: utebatur hominibus improbis, multis,

id. Cael. 5, 12:

prodigia multa, foeda,

Liv. 40, 29, 1.—With a partitive gen.:

multi hominum,

Plin. 16, 25, 40, § 96:

multae silvestrium arborum,

id. 16, 31, 56, § 128.—In neutr. plur.: multa, orum, many things, much:

nimium multa,

Cic. Fam. 4, 14, 3:

nimis multa,

id. Fin. 2, 18, 57:

insulae non ita multae,

not so many, not so very many, Plin. 5, 7, 7, § 41:

parum multa scire,

too few, Auct. Her. 1, 1, 1: bene multi, a good many, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 4:

quam minime multa vestigia servitutis,

as few as possible, Nep. Tim. 3, 3:

minime multi remiges,

exceedingly few, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 88:

in multas pecunias alienissimorum hominum invasit,

id. Phil. 2, 16, 41; id. Verr. 2, 5, 19, § 48:

multae pecuniae variis ex causis a privatis detinentur,

Plin. Ep. 10, 17, 3.—Sometimes multi stands for multi alii, many others:

nam certe Pompeio, et a Curionibus patre et filio, et a multis exprobratum est,

Suet. Caes. 50.—The sing. also is used poet. for the plur., many a:

aut trudit acres hinc et hinc multa cane Apros in obstantes plagas,

with many dogs, Hor. Epod. 2, 31:

multa prece prosequi,

id. C. 4, 5, 33:

multa victima,

Verg. E. 1, 34: agna. Ov. F. 4, 772:

avis,

id. Am. 3, 5, 4:

tabella,

Tib. 1, 3, 28; so of persons: multus sua vulnera puppi Affixit moriens, many a one, for multi affixerunt, Luc. 3, 707.—In sing., to denote quantity, much, great, abundant: multum aurum et argentum. Plaut. Rud. 5, 2, 8; 22:

exstructa mensa multa carne rancida,

Cic. Pis. 27, 67:

multo labore quaerere aliquid,

with much labor, great exertion, Cic. Sull. 26, 73:

cura,

Sall. J. 7, 4:

sol,

much sun, Plin. 31, 7, 39, § 81: sermo, much conversalion, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 20, 1: stilus tuus multi sudoris est. Cic. de Or. 1, 60, 257: multo cibo et potione completi, id. Tusc. 5, 35, 100:

multo sanguine ea Poenis victoria stetit,

Liv. 23, 30, 2:

multum sanguinem haurire,

Curt. 4, 14, 17; 8, 14, 32:

multam harenam mare evomit,

id. 4, 6, 8:

arbor,

id. 7, 4, 26:

silva,

id. 8, 10, 14:

multae vestis injectu opprimi,

Tac. A. 6, 50:

multa et lauta supellex,

Cic. Phil. 2, 27, 66:

aurum,

Sall. J. 13, 6; Tac. A. 6, 33; Liv. 26, 11, 9; Curt. 3, 3, 12:

libertas,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 5:

multam salutem dicere alicui,

to greet heartily, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 194:

cum auro et argento multo,

Sall. J. 13, 6.—Of time:

Itaque multum diei processerat,

a great part of the day, Sall. J. 51, 2:

ad multum diem,

till far in the day, Cic. Att. 13, 9, 1:

multo adhuc die,

when much of the day was still remaining, when it was still high day, Tac. H. 2, 44:

multo denique die,

when the day was far spent, Caes. B. G. 1, 22:

multa nocte,

late at night, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 9, 2:

multo mane,

very early, id. Att. 5, 4, 1:

multa opinio, for multorum,

the general opinion, Gell. 3, 16, 1:

velut multa pace,

as in a general peace, as if there were peace everywhere, Tac. H. 4, 35:

multus homo,

one who gives himself up to the lusts of many, Cat. 112, 1.— multi, orum, m., the many, the common mass, the multitude: probis probatus potius, quam multis forem, Att. ap. Non. 519, 9:

video ego te, mulier, more multarum utier,

id. ib. —Esp.: unus e (or de) multis, one of the multitude, a man of no distinction:

tenuis L. Virginius unusque e multis,

Cic. Fin. 2, 20, 62:

unus de multis esse,

id. Off. 1, 30, 109: M. Calidius non fuit orator unus e multis;

potius inter multos prope singularis fuit,

id. Brut. 79, 274:

numerarer in multis,

among the herd of orators, id. ib. 97, 333:

e multis una sit tibi,

no better than others, Ov. R. Am. 682:

multum est,

it is of importance, Verg. G. 2, 272.—In neutr. absol.: ne multa, or ne multis, not to be prolix, in short:

ne multa: perquiritur a coactoribus,

Cic. Clu. 64, 181:

ne multis: Diogenes emitur,

id. ib. 16, 47:

quid multis moror?

Ter. And. 1, 1, 87.—Sometimes multa is used (particularly by the poets) adverbially, much, greatly, very:

multa reluctari,

Verg. G. 4, 301:

gemens,

id. ib. 3, 226; id. A. 5, 869:

deos testatus,

id. ib. 7, 593:

invehi,

Nep. Ep. 6, 1 (cf. nonnulla invehi, id. Tim. 5, 3):

haud multa moratus,

Verg. A. 3, 610.—Rarely in multum:

in multum velociores,

by far, Plin. 10, 36, 52, § 108.—

In partic.

Too much, overmuch, excessive:

supellex modica, non multa,

Nep. Att. 13, 5.—

In speech, much-speaking, diffuse, prolix:

qui in aliquo genere aut inconcinnus aut multus est,

Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 17:

ne in re nota et pervulgata multus et insolens sim,

id. ib. 2, 87, 358:

nolo in stellarum ratione multus vobis videri,

id. N. D. 2, 46, 119.—

Frequent, frequently present:

in operibus, in agmine, atque ad vigilias multus adesse,

Sall. J. 96, 3:

multus in eo proelio Caesar fuit,

was in many places, Flor. 4, 2, 50:

hen hercle hominem multum et odiosum mihi!

troublesome, tedious, Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 41:

instare,

Sall. J. 84, 1.—Hence, adv., in two forms.

multum, much, very much, greatly, very, often, frequently, far, etc. (class.):

salve multum, gnate mi,

Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 56:

multum vale,

farewell, id. Stich. 3, 2, 40:

hominem ineptum multum et odiosum mihi,

id. Men. 2, 2, 42:

opinor, Cassium uti non ita multum sorore,

not very much, Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 3:

multum mecum municipales homines loquuntur,

often, id. Att. 8, 13, 2:

non multum ille quidem nec saepe dicebat,

id. Brut. 34, 128:

non multum confidere,

not very much, not particularly, Caes. B. G. 3, 25:

sunt in venationibus,

often, frequently, id. ib. 4, 1:

in eodem genere causarum multum erat T. Juventius,

Cic. Brut. 48, 178:

multum fuisse cum aliquo,

to have had much intercourse with, id. Rep. 1, 10, 16:

sum multum equidem cum Phaedro in Epicuri hortis,

id. Fin. 5, 1, 3:

gratia valere,

to be in great favor, Nep. Con. 2, 1:

res multum et saepe quaesita,

Cic. Leg. 3, 15, 33:

longe omnes multumque superabit,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 115:

multum et diu cogitans,

id. Div. 2, 1, 1:

diu multumque scriptitare,

id. de Or. 1, 33, 152.—With an adj.:

multum loquaces,

very talkative, Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 5:

mepti labores,

very, Plin. Ep. 1, 9.— Poet. also with comp.:

multum improbiores sunt quam a primo credidi,

much, far, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 139:

multum robustior illo,

Juv. 19, 197:

majora,

Sil. 13, 708.— So with infra, post:

haud multum infra viam,

Liv. 5, 37, 7; Plin. 98, 7, § 20:

haud multum post mortem ejus,

Tac. A. 5, 3:

ut multum,

at most, Mart. 10, 11, 6; Vop. Aur. 46.—

multō by much, much, a great deal, far, by far (class.).

With comparatives and verbs which imply comparison:

multo tanto carior,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 76:

pauciores oratores,

Cic. de Or. 1, 3, 11:

facilius atque expeditius iter,

Caes. B. G. 1, 6.—With verbs:

virtutem omnibus rebus multo anteponentes,

Cic. Fin. 4, 18, 49:

multo ceteros anteibant,

Tac. H. 4, 13:

multo praestat beneficii, quam maleficii immemorem esse,

Sall. J. 31, 28.—With malle:

multo mavolo,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 88; id. Ps. 2, 4, 38:

meo judicio multo stare malo, quam, etc.,

Cic. Att. 12, 21, 1.—

With sup. (rare but class.), by far, by much:

quae tibi mulier videtur multo sapientissuma,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 66; id. Am. 2, 2, 150: multo optimus hostis, by far, Lucil. ap. Non. 4, 413:

simulacrum multo antiquissimum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49, § 109; 2, 4, 23, § 50; id. Cat. 4, 8, 17:

maxima pars,

id. Imp. Pomp. 18, 54; cf. Hor. S. 2, 3, 82:

multo id bellum maximum fuit,

Liv. 1, 11, 5:

pars multo maxima,

id. 30, 18, 14: multo molestissima, Cic. Div. in. Caecil. 11, 36:

multo gratissima lux,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 39:

foedissimum,

Quint. 9, 4, 72:

optimum,

id. ib. 26:

pulcherrimum,

id. 1, 2, 24:

utilissima,

id. 2, 10, 1:

maxime,

Auct. Her. 4, 44, 58:

multo maxime miserabile,

Sall. C. 36, 4:

multo maxime ingenio validus,

id. J. 6, 1.—

With particles denoting a difference, far, greatly, very:

multo aliter,

Ter. And. prol. 4:

multo aliter ac sperabat,

far otherwise than, Nep. Ham. 2:

quod non multo secus fieret, si,

not far otherwise, not very different, Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 1: multo infra Cyrenaicum. Plin. 19, 3, 15, § 40. —

In specifications of time, before ante and post, long, much:

non multo ante urbem captam,

Cic. Div. 1, 45, 101:

non multo ante,

not long before, Nep. Eum. 3, 3:

multo ante,

Cic. Fam. 4, 1, 1:

non multo post, quam, etc.,

not long after, id. Att. 12, 49, 9:

haud multo ante solis occasum,

Liv. 5, 39, 2:

multo ante noctem,

id. 27, 42, 13.—

Very rarely with the positive for multum:

maligna multo,

very, Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 83 Umpf.—

Doubled, multo multoque, with comparatives:

multo multoque longior,

far, very much, Front. ad M. Caes. 2, 5:

multo multoque operosius est,

Val. Max. 4, 1, 2: multo multoque magis, Front. Laud. Negl. § 3.

Comp.: plūs, pluris; in the plur., plures, plura (in sing. anciently written plous; three times in the S. C. de Bacch. Here perh. belongs, in the plur., pleores and pleoris, for plures, in the Song of the Arval Brothers.—For the class. neuter of the plur., plura, the form pluria was used in ante-class. Latinity. Gellius cites M. Cato, Q. Claudius, Valerius Antias, L. AElius, P. Nigidius, and M. Varro as authorities for this form, Gell. 5, 21, 6; yet Plautus and Terence have only plura; and the earlier reading pluria, in Lucr. 1, 877; 2, 1135; 4, 1085, is now supplanted by the critically certain plura and plurima.—The gen. plur. plurium, however, has remained the predominant form, e. g. Quint. 7, 1, 1; 8, 4, 27; 9, 4, 66 et saep.) [from the root ple; Gr. pleon, pimplêmi; cf. plenus, plera, compleo, etc.; also locu-ples, plebes, populus, etc.], more.

In the sing. (used both substantively and adverbially): LIBRAS FARRIS ENDO DIES DATO. SI VOLET PLVS DATO, Fragm. XII. Tab. in Gell. 20, 1, 45: SI PLVS MINVSVE SECVERVNT, SE FRAVDE ESTO, ib.;

so (perh. in imitation of this legal phrase): ebeu, cur ego plus minusve feci quam aequom fuit!

Plaut. Capt. 5, 3, 18; Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 21:

ne plus minusve loqueretur,

Suet. Aug. 84; cf. Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 27; and in the signif. of circiter, about: septingenti sunt paulo plus aut minus anni... postquam, etc., Enn. ap. Varr. R. R. 3, 1, 2 (Ann. v. 493 Vahl.);

so. non longius abesse plus minus octo milibus,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 20, 1 Oud.; cf.:

speranti plures... venerunt plusve minusve duae,

Mart. 8, 71, 4:

aut ne quid faciam plus, quod post me minus fecisse satius sit,

too much... too little, Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 4:

tantum et plus etiam ipse mihi deberet,

Cic. Att. 7, 3, 7:

vos et decem numero, et, quod plus est, Romani estis,

and what is more, Liv. 9, 24, 8:

verbane plus an sententia valere debeat,

Cic. Top. 25, 96: [p. 1174] cf.:

apud me argumenta plus quam testes valent,

id. Rep. 1, 38, 59:

valet enim salus plus quam libido,

id. ib. 1, 40, 63.—

With a partitive gen.:

vultis pecuniae plus habere,

Cic. Inv. 1, 47, 88; cf.:

nostri casus plus honoris habuerunt quam laboris,

id. Rep. 1, 4, 7; so,

plus virium,

id. Leg. 1, 2, 6:

plus hostium,

Liv. 2, 42:

plus dapis et rixae multo minus invidiaeque,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 51:

in hac causa eo plus auctoritatis habent, quia, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 3, 16, 26; cf.:

plus ingenii,

id. ib. 1, 14, 22:

Albano non plus animi erat quam fidei,

as little courage as fidelity, Liv. 1, 27, 5.—

With quam (some examples of which have already been given above):

non plus quam semel,

Cic. Off. 3, 15, 61:

confiteor eos... plus quam sicarios esse,

id. Phil. 2, 13, 31:

ne plus reddat quam acceperit,

id. Lael. 16, 58 et saep.:

non plus quam in tres partis posse distribui putaverunt,

into not more than, id. Inv. 1, 34, 57:

plus quam decem dies abesse,

id. Phil. 2, 13, 31:

nulla (navis) plus quam triginta remis agatur,

with more than, Liv. 38, 38, 8.—

Without quam:

HOMINES PLOVS V. OINVORSEI VIREI ATQVE MVLIERES, S. C. de Bacch. 19 (Wordsw. Fragm. and Spec. p. 173): plus mille capti,

Liv. 24, 44:

plus milies audivi,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 32: plus semel, Varr. ap. Plin. 14, 14, 17, § 96:

plus quingentos colaphos infregit mihi,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 46:

ferre plus dimidiati mensis cibaria,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 37:

non plus mille quingentos aeris,

id. Rep. 2, 22, 40:

paulo plus ducentos passus a castris,

Liv. 31, 34:

cum plus annum aeger fuisset,

id. 40, 2:

parte plus dimidia rem auctam,

id. 29, 25.—

With a compar. or adverbial abl., or with an abl. of measure:

VIREI PLOVS DVOBVS, S. C. de Bacch. 20 (Wordsw. Fragm. and Spec. p. 173): de paupertate tacentes Plus poscente ferent,

more than the importunate, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 44:

ex his alius alio plus habet virium,

Cic. Leg. 1, 2, 6: cave putes hoc tempore plus me quemquam cruciari, Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 15, A, 2:

alterum certe non potest, ut plus una vera sit,

Cic. N. D. 1, 2, 5; cf.:

in columba plures videri colores, nec esse plus uno,

id. Ac. 2, 25, 79: HOC PLVS NE FACITO, more than this, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 23, 59:

annos sexaginta natus es Aut plus eo,

or more than that, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 11:

plus aequo,

Cic. Lael. 16, 58:

plus paulo,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 8:

paulo plus,

Liv. 31, 34: multo plus, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8, A, 1:

plus nimio,

overmuch, Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 30: quam molestum est uno digito plus habere, too much by a finger, i. e. a finger too much, Cic. N. D. 1, 35, 99:

uno plus Etruscorum cecidisse in acie,

one man more, Liv. 2, 7, 2.—

In the gen. pretii, pluris, of more value, of a higher price, for more, higher, dearer:

ut plus reddant musti et olei, et pretii pluris,

of greater value, Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 4:

ager multo pluris est,

is worth much more, Cic. Rosc. Com. 12, 33; cf.:

quo pluris sint nostra oliveta,

id. Rep. 3, 9, 16:

pluris emere,

dearer, id. Fam. 7, 2, 1; so,

vendere,

id. Off. 3, 12, 51; id. Verr. 2, 3, 19, § 48; Hor. S. 2, 3, 300:

aedificare,

Col. 1, 4, 7:

pluris est oculatus testis quam auriti decem,

of more value, Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 8:

mea mihi conscientia pluris est, quam omnium sermo,

Cic. Att. 12, 28, 2:

facio pluris omnium hominem neminem,

id. ib. 8, 2, 4:

facere aliquem pluris,

make more of one, esteem him more highly, id. Fam. 3, 4, 2:

pluris habere,

id. Phil. 6, 4, 10:

aestimare,

id. Par. 6, 2, 48:

ducere,

id. Att. 7, 3, 5:

putare,

id. Off. 3, 4, 18 et saep.—

Rarely, instead of the genitive, in the abl. pretii: plure vendunt, Lucil. ap. Charis. 2, p. 189 P.: plure altero tanto, quanto ejus fundus est, velim, Plaut. ib.: plure venit, Cic. ib.—

Plus plusque, more and more: quem mehercule plus plusque in dies diligo. Cic. Att. 6, 2, 10.—

Like magis, with an adj.:

plus formosus, for formosior,

Nemes. Ecl. 4, 72.—

In the plur.

Comparatively, more in number:

omnes qui aere alieno premantur, quos plures esse intellego quam putaram,

Cic. Att. 7, 3, 5; id. Rep. 2, 22, 40:

nemini ego plura acerba esse credo ex amore homini umquam oblata quam mihi,

Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 1:

ne plura insignia essent imperii in libero populo quam in regno fuissent,

Cic. Rep. 2, 31, 55:

multo plura,

many more things, Quint. 3, 6, 28.—

In gen., of a great number, many: qui plus fore dicant in pluribus consilii quam in uno. Cic. Rep. 1, 35, 55: cf.: quid quaeso interest inter unum et plures, si justitia est in pluribus? id. ib. 1, 39, 61;

1, 34, 52: non possunt una in civitate multi rem ac fortunas amittere, ut non plures secum in eandem trahant calamitatem,

id. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:

quod pluribus praesentibus eas res jactari nolebat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 18:

plura castella Pompeius tentaverat,

id. B. C. 3, 52:

summus dolor plures dies manere non potest,

Cic. Fin. 2, 28, 93:

pluribus diebus, Quint. prooem. § 7: illic plurium rerum est congeries,

id. 8, 4, 27:

quae consuetudo sit, pluribus verbis docere,

Cic. Clu. 41, 115:

eum pluribus verbis rogat, ut, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 28, § 64;

without verba: quid ego plura dicam?

id. de Or. 1, 5, 18:

pluribus haec exsecutus sum,

Phaedr. 3, 10, 59;

also elliptically, quid plura? and, ne plura, like quid multa? and ne multa: hic sacra, hic genus, hic majorum multa vestigia. Quid plura? hanc vides villam, etc.,

what need of many words? in short, Cic. Leg. 2, 1, 3:

sed—ne plura—dicendum enim aliquando est—Pomponium Atticum sic amo, ut alterum fratrem,

id. Fam. 13, 1, 5.—

Esp.: plures.

The mass, the multitude, opp. pauciores, = hoi oligoi, Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 13.—

Euphemistically, acc. to the Gr. hoi pleiones, the dead:

quin prius Me ad plures penetravi?

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 14.—

The greater number, the majority:

plures nesciebant qua ex causa convenissent,

Vulg. Act. 19, 32.

Sup.: plūrĭmus (archaic form, plisima plurima, Paul. ex Fest. p. 204 and 205 Mull.: PLIOIRVME (I), Epit. of Scipio), a, um [from root ple; whence also plus, q. v., ploirumus for ploisumus; and thence the predominant form plurimus], most, very much, or many (as an adj. in good prose mostly in the plur., except the standing formula of greeting: salutem plurimam dicere alicui; v. infra):

hujus sunt plurima simulacra,

Caes. B. G. 6, 17:

nos plurimis ignotissimi gentibus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 17, 26:

plurimae et maximae partes,

id. ib. 1, 4, 8:

plurimorum seculorum memoria,

id. ib. 3, 9, 14:

haec plurimis a me verbis dicta sunt,

id. ib. 1, 7, 12 et saep.—In sing.:

me plurima praeda onustum,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 4:

sermo,

Quint. 2, 2, 5:

risus,

id. 6, 3, 85:

res,

id. 6, 1, 51:

exercitatio,

id. 8 prooem. §

28: mons,

very large, Verg. A. 1, 419:

cervix,

id. G. 3, 52:

Aetna,

Ov. Ib. 600.—Of a greeting: impertit salutem plurimam, Lucil. ap. Non. 472. 16; and esp. freq.: salutem plurimam dicit (commonly abbrev. S. P. D.) at the beginning of letters; v. salus.— Poet.:

medio cum plurimus orbe Sol erat,

very powerful, oppressive, Ov. M. 14, 53: plurima qua silva est. thickest, id. ib. 14, 361:

coma plurima,

very thick, id. ib. 13, 844:

sed plurima nantis in ore Alcyone conjux,

mostly, chiefly, id. ib. 11, 562.—And collect.:

plurimus in Junonis honorem Aptum dicet equis Argos,

many a one, very many, Hor. C. 1, 7, 8; so,

oleaster plurimus,

Verg. G. 2, 183:

qua plurima mittitur ales,

Mart. 9, 56, 1:

plurima lecta rosa est,

Ov. F. 4, 441.— In neutr. absol. (substant. or adverb.):

ut haberet quam plurimum,

as much as possible, Cic. Rab. Post. 14, 39:

caput autem est, quam plurimum scribere,

id. de Or. 1, 33, 150:

ut in quoque oratore plurimum esset,

id. Rep. 1, 27, 123.— Adv.: plūrĭmum:

et is valebat in suffragio plurimum, cujus plurimum intererat, esse in optimo statu civitatem,

Cic. Rep. 2, 22, 40:

auspiciis plurimum obsecutus est Romulus,

id. ib. 2, 9, 16:

si vero populus plurimum potest,

id. ib. 3, 14, 23; cf.:

qui apud me dignitate plurimum possunt,

id. Rosc. Am. 1, 4:

plurimum aliis praestare,

id. Inv. 2, 1, 1:

ut te plurimum diligam,

id. Fam. 1, 7, 1; id. Tusc. 5, 27, 78:

hoc ego utor uno omnium plurimum,

id. Fam. 11, 16, 2:

quantum (al. quanto) plurimum possunt,

Quint. 11, 3, 120: plurimum quantum also signifies very much indeed, exceedingly (post-class.):

plurimum quantum veritati nocuere,

Min. Fel. Oct. 22:

gratulor,

id. ib. 40:

(elleborum) ex aqua datur plurimum drachma,

at the most, Plin. 25, 5, 22, § 54; 9, 36, 60, § 125; 30, 6, 16, § 48; so,

cum plurimum,

id. 2, 17, 15, § 78 (opp. to cum minimum); 18, 7, 10, § 60: nec tam numerosa differentia; tribus ut plurimum bonitatibus distat, for the most part, commonly, usually, = plerumque, Plin. 15, 3, 4, § 18.—

In neutr. with a partit. gen.: sententiarum et gravitatis plurimum, Cic. Inv. 1, 18, 25:

artis,

Quint. 10, 5, 3:

auctoritatis et ponderis,

id. 9, 4, 91:

ut laboris sic utilitatis etiam longe plurimum,

id. 10, 3, 1:

virtutum,

id. 12, 1, 20 plurimum quantum favoris partibus dabat fratermtas ducum, Flor. 4, 2, 74.—

In the gen. pretii:

plurimi: immo unice unum plurimi pendit,

values very highly, esteems very much, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 29:

quem unum Alexander plurimi fecerat,

Nep. Eum. 2, 2:

ut quisque quod plurimi est possidet,

Cic. Par. 6, 2, 48.

multus (old form moltus), a, um; comp. plus; sup. plurimus (v. at the end of this art.), adj. [etym. dub.], much, great, many, of things corporeal and incorporeal.

In gen.: multi mortales, Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17: multi suam rem [p. 1173] bene gessere: multi qui, etc., Enn. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 6, 1 (Trag. v. 295 sq. Vahl.):

multi fortissimi viri,

Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 3:

rationes,

id. de Or. 1, 51, 222. tam multis verbis scribere, at such length, id. Fam. 3, 8, 1:

beneficia. Cato ap. Fest. s. v. ratissima, p. 286 Mull.: multi alii,

Ter. And. 5, 4, 28.—When used with another adjective it is usually connected with it by a conjunction:

multae et magnae contentiones,

many great conlests, Cic. Phil. 2, 3, 7; 3, 10, 26:

O multas et graves offensiones,

id. Att. 11, 7, 3:

multi et graves dolores,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 45, § 119:

multi et varii timores,

Liv. 3, 16, 3:

multae bonaeque artes animi,

Sall. J. 28, 5:

multa et clara facinora,

Tac. A. 12, 31.—But when the second adjective is used substantively the conjunction is omitted:

multi improbi,

Cic. Off. 2, 8, 28; 2, 19, 65:

multi boni, docti, prudentes,

id. Fl. 4, 8:

multi nobiles,

id. Planc. 20, 50:

multa acerba habuit ille annus,

id. Sest. 27, 58; 66, 139:

multa infanda,

Liv. 28, 12, 5:

multa falsa,

id. 35, 23, 2.—Also, when the second adjective forms with its substantive a single conception:

multa secunda proelia,

victories, Liv. 9, 42, 5; 35, 1, 3; 41, 17, 1:

multa libera capita,

freemen, id. 42, 41, 11:

multae liberae civitates,

republics, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 30, § 68:

multos fortes viros,

id. Cat. 3, 2, 7; id. Mur. 8, 17:

multi clari viri,

noblemen, id. Leg. 1, 5, 17:

multi primarii viri,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 61, § 149.—Similarly, et is omitted between multi and adjectives which form with their substantives familiar phrases:

multi clarissimi viri,

Cic. Phil. 11, 10, 24:

multi amplissimi viri,

id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Deiot. 14, 39; id. Fam. 10, 25, 2; id. Att. 10, 8, 7; 16, 16, 11; id. Verr. 1, 7, 19:

multi honestissimi homines,

id. Fam. 15, 15, 3:

multi peritissimi homines,

id. Caecin. 24, 69:

multi summi homines,

id. Arch. 12, 30; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:

multi clarissimi et sapientissimi viri,

id. Planc. 4, 11; id. Cael. 18, 43.—Et is also omitted when the substantive stands between the two adjectives:

in veteribus patronis multis,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 1, 2:

multa praeterea bella gravia,

id. Agr. 2, 33, 90:

multis suppliciis justis,

id. Cat. 1, 8, 20:

multa majores nostri magna et gravia bella gesserunt,

id. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6:

plurima signa pulcherrima,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 23, § 61.—When both adjectives follow the substantive, et is sometimes inserted:

virtutes animi multae et magnae,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 64:

causas ille multas et graves habuit,

id. Clu. 30, 82;

and is sometimes omitted, the emphasis then falling on the second adjective: utebatur hominibus improbis, multis,

id. Cael. 5, 12:

prodigia multa, foeda,

Liv. 40, 29, 1.—With a partitive gen.:

multi hominum,

Plin. 16, 25, 40, § 96:

multae silvestrium arborum,

id. 16, 31, 56, § 128.—In neutr. plur.: multa, orum, many things, much:

nimium multa,

Cic. Fam. 4, 14, 3:

nimis multa,

id. Fin. 2, 18, 57:

insulae non ita multae,

not so many, not so very many, Plin. 5, 7, 7, § 41:

parum multa scire,

too few, Auct. Her. 1, 1, 1: bene multi, a good many, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 4:

quam minime multa vestigia servitutis,

as few as possible, Nep. Tim. 3, 3:

minime multi remiges,

exceedingly few, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 88:

in multas pecunias alienissimorum hominum invasit,

id. Phil. 2, 16, 41; id. Verr. 2, 5, 19, § 48:

multae pecuniae variis ex causis a privatis detinentur,

Plin. Ep. 10, 17, 3.—Sometimes multi stands for multi alii, many others:

nam certe Pompeio, et a Curionibus patre et filio, et a multis exprobratum est,

Suet. Caes. 50.—The sing. also is used poet. for the plur., many a:

aut trudit acres hinc et hinc multa cane Apros in obstantes plagas,

with many dogs, Hor. Epod. 2, 31:

multa prece prosequi,

id. C. 4, 5, 33:

multa victima,

Verg. E. 1, 34: agna. Ov. F. 4, 772:

avis,

id. Am. 3, 5, 4:

tabella,

Tib. 1, 3, 28; so of persons: multus sua vulnera puppi Affixit moriens, many a one, for multi affixerunt, Luc. 3, 707.—In sing., to denote quantity, much, great, abundant: multum aurum et argentum. Plaut. Rud. 5, 2, 8; 22:

exstructa mensa multa carne rancida,

Cic. Pis. 27, 67:

multo labore quaerere aliquid,

with much labor, great exertion, Cic. Sull. 26, 73:

cura,

Sall. J. 7, 4:

sol,

much sun, Plin. 31, 7, 39, § 81: sermo, much conversalion, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 20, 1: stilus tuus multi sudoris est. Cic. de Or. 1, 60, 257: multo cibo et potione completi, id. Tusc. 5, 35, 100:

multo sanguine ea Poenis victoria stetit,

Liv. 23, 30, 2:

multum sanguinem haurire,

Curt. 4, 14, 17; 8, 14, 32:

multam harenam mare evomit,

id. 4, 6, 8:

arbor,

id. 7, 4, 26:

silva,

id. 8, 10, 14:

multae vestis injectu opprimi,

Tac. A. 6, 50:

multa et lauta supellex,

Cic. Phil. 2, 27, 66:

aurum,

Sall. J. 13, 6; Tac. A. 6, 33; Liv. 26, 11, 9; Curt. 3, 3, 12:

libertas,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 5:

multam salutem dicere alicui,

to greet heartily, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 194:

cum auro et argento multo,

Sall. J. 13, 6.—Of time:

Itaque multum diei processerat,

a great part of the day, Sall. J. 51, 2:

ad multum diem,

till far in the day, Cic. Att. 13, 9, 1:

multo adhuc die,

when much of the day was still remaining, when it was still high day, Tac. H. 2, 44:

multo denique die,

when the day was far spent, Caes. B. G. 1, 22:

multa nocte,

late at night, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 9, 2:

multo mane,

very early, id. Att. 5, 4, 1:

multa opinio, for multorum,

the general opinion, Gell. 3, 16, 1:

velut multa pace,

as in a general peace, as if there were peace everywhere, Tac. H. 4, 35:

multus homo,

one who gives himself up to the lusts of many, Cat. 112, 1.— multi, orum, m., the many, the common mass, the multitude: probis probatus potius, quam multis forem, Att. ap. Non. 519, 9:

video ego te, mulier, more multarum utier,

id. ib. —Esp.: unus e (or de) multis, one of the multitude, a man of no distinction:

tenuis L. Virginius unusque e multis,

Cic. Fin. 2, 20, 62:

unus de multis esse,

id. Off. 1, 30, 109: M. Calidius non fuit orator unus e multis;

potius inter multos prope singularis fuit,

id. Brut. 79, 274:

numerarer in multis,

among the herd of orators, id. ib. 97, 333:

e multis una sit tibi,

no better than others, Ov. R. Am. 682:

multum est,

it is of importance, Verg. G. 2, 272.—In neutr. absol.: ne multa, or ne multis, not to be prolix, in short:

ne multa: perquiritur a coactoribus,

Cic. Clu. 64, 181:

ne multis: Diogenes emitur,

id. ib. 16, 47:

quid multis moror?

Ter. And. 1, 1, 87.—Sometimes multa is used (particularly by the poets) adverbially, much, greatly, very:

multa reluctari,

Verg. G. 4, 301:

gemens,

id. ib. 3, 226; id. A. 5, 869:

deos testatus,

id. ib. 7, 593:

invehi,

Nep. Ep. 6, 1 (cf. nonnulla invehi, id. Tim. 5, 3):

haud multa moratus,

Verg. A. 3, 610.—Rarely in multum:

in multum velociores,

by far, Plin. 10, 36, 52, § 108.—

In partic.

Too much, overmuch, excessive:

supellex modica, non multa,

Nep. Att. 13, 5.—

In speech, much-speaking, diffuse, prolix:

qui in aliquo genere aut inconcinnus aut multus est,

Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 17:

ne in re nota et pervulgata multus et insolens sim,

id. ib. 2, 87, 358:

nolo in stellarum ratione multus vobis videri,

id. N. D. 2, 46, 119.—

Frequent, frequently present:

in operibus, in agmine, atque ad vigilias multus adesse,

Sall. J. 96, 3:

multus in eo proelio Caesar fuit,

was in many places, Flor. 4, 2, 50:

hen hercle hominem multum et odiosum mihi!

troublesome, tedious, Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 41:

instare,

Sall. J. 84, 1.—Hence, adv., in two forms.

multum, much, very much, greatly, very, often, frequently, far, etc. (class.):

salve multum, gnate mi,

Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 56:

multum vale,

farewell, id. Stich. 3, 2, 40:

hominem ineptum multum et odiosum mihi,

id. Men. 2, 2, 42:

opinor, Cassium uti non ita multum sorore,

not very much, Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 3:

multum mecum municipales homines loquuntur,

often, id. Att. 8, 13, 2:

non multum ille quidem nec saepe dicebat,

id. Brut. 34, 128:

non multum confidere,

not very much, not particularly, Caes. B. G. 3, 25:

sunt in venationibus,

often, frequently, id. ib. 4, 1:

in eodem genere causarum multum erat T. Juventius,

Cic. Brut. 48, 178:

multum fuisse cum aliquo,

to have had much intercourse with, id. Rep. 1, 10, 16:

sum multum equidem cum Phaedro in Epicuri hortis,

id. Fin. 5, 1, 3:

gratia valere,

to be in great favor, Nep. Con. 2, 1:

res multum et saepe quaesita,

Cic. Leg. 3, 15, 33:

longe omnes multumque superabit,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 115:

multum et diu cogitans,

id. Div. 2, 1, 1:

diu multumque scriptitare,

id. de Or. 1, 33, 152.—With an adj.:

multum loquaces,

very talkative, Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 5:

mepti labores,

very, Plin. Ep. 1, 9.— Poet. also with comp.:

multum improbiores sunt quam a primo credidi,

much, far, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 139:

multum robustior illo,

Juv. 19, 197:

majora,

Sil. 13, 708.— So with infra, post:

haud multum infra viam,

Liv. 5, 37, 7; Plin. 98, 7, § 20:

haud multum post mortem ejus,

Tac. A. 5, 3:

ut multum,

at most, Mart. 10, 11, 6; Vop. Aur. 46.—

multō by much, much, a great deal, far, by far (class.).

With comparatives and verbs which imply comparison:

multo tanto carior,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 76:

pauciores oratores,

Cic. de Or. 1, 3, 11:

facilius atque expeditius iter,

Caes. B. G. 1, 6.—With verbs:

virtutem omnibus rebus multo anteponentes,

Cic. Fin. 4, 18, 49:

multo ceteros anteibant,

Tac. H. 4, 13:

multo praestat beneficii, quam maleficii immemorem esse,

Sall. J. 31, 28.—With malle:

multo mavolo,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 88; id. Ps. 2, 4, 38:

meo judicio multo stare malo, quam, etc.,

Cic. Att. 12, 21, 1.—

With sup. (rare but class.), by far, by much:

quae tibi mulier videtur multo sapientissuma,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 66; id. Am. 2, 2, 150: multo optimus hostis, by far, Lucil. ap. Non. 4, 413:

simulacrum multo antiquissimum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49, § 109; 2, 4, 23, § 50; id. Cat. 4, 8, 17:

maxima pars,

id. Imp. Pomp. 18, 54; cf. Hor. S. 2, 3, 82:

multo id bellum maximum fuit,

Liv. 1, 11, 5:

pars multo maxima,

id. 30, 18, 14: multo molestissima, Cic. Div. in. Caecil. 11, 36:

multo gratissima lux,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 39:

foedissimum,

Quint. 9, 4, 72:

optimum,

id. ib. 26:

pulcherrimum,

id. 1, 2, 24:

utilissima,

id. 2, 10, 1:

maxime,

Auct. Her. 4, 44, 58:

multo maxime miserabile,

Sall. C. 36, 4:

multo maxime ingenio validus,

id. J. 6, 1.—

With particles denoting a difference, far, greatly, very:

multo aliter,

Ter. And. prol. 4:

multo aliter ac sperabat,

far otherwise than, Nep. Ham. 2:

quod non multo secus fieret, si,

not far otherwise, not very different, Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 1: multo infra Cyrenaicum. Plin. 19, 3, 15, § 40. —

In specifications of time, before ante and post, long, much:

non multo ante urbem captam,

Cic. Div. 1, 45, 101:

non multo ante,

not long before, Nep. Eum. 3, 3:

multo ante,

Cic. Fam. 4, 1, 1:

non multo post, quam, etc.,

not long after, id. Att. 12, 49, 9:

haud multo ante solis occasum,

Liv. 5, 39, 2:

multo ante noctem,

id. 27, 42, 13.—

Very rarely with the positive for multum:

maligna multo,

very, Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 83 Umpf.—

Doubled, multo multoque, with comparatives:

multo multoque longior,

far, very much, Front. ad M. Caes. 2, 5:

multo multoque operosius est,

Val. Max. 4, 1, 2: multo multoque magis, Front. Laud. Negl. § 3.

Comp.: plūs, pluris; in the plur., plures, plura (in sing. anciently written plous; three times in the S. C. de Bacch. Here perh. belongs, in the plur., pleores and pleoris, for plures, in the Song of the Arval Brothers.—For the class. neuter of the plur., plura, the form pluria was used in ante-class. Latinity. Gellius cites M. Cato, Q. Claudius, Valerius Antias, L. AElius, P. Nigidius, and M. Varro as authorities for this form, Gell. 5, 21, 6; yet Plautus and Terence have only plura; and the earlier reading pluria, in Lucr. 1, 877; 2, 1135; 4, 1085, is now supplanted by the critically certain plura and plurima.—The gen. plur. plurium, however, has remained the predominant form, e. g. Quint. 7, 1, 1; 8, 4, 27; 9, 4, 66 et saep.) [from the root ple; Gr. pleon, pimplêmi; cf. plenus, plera, compleo, etc.; also locu-ples, plebes, populus, etc.], more.

In the sing. (used both substantively and adverbially): LIBRAS FARRIS ENDO DIES DATO. SI VOLET PLVS DATO, Fragm. XII. Tab. in Gell. 20, 1, 45: SI PLVS MINVSVE SECVERVNT, SE FRAVDE ESTO, ib.;

so (perh. in imitation of this legal phrase): ebeu, cur ego plus minusve feci quam aequom fuit!

Plaut. Capt. 5, 3, 18; Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 21:

ne plus minusve loqueretur,

Suet. Aug. 84; cf. Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 27; and in the signif. of circiter, about: septingenti sunt paulo plus aut minus anni... postquam, etc., Enn. ap. Varr. R. R. 3, 1, 2 (Ann. v. 493 Vahl.);

so. non longius abesse plus minus octo milibus,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 20, 1 Oud.; cf.:

speranti plures... venerunt plusve minusve duae,

Mart. 8, 71, 4:

aut ne quid faciam plus, quod post me minus fecisse satius sit,

too much... too little, Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 4:

tantum et plus etiam ipse mihi deberet,

Cic. Att. 7, 3, 7:

vos et decem numero, et, quod plus est, Romani estis,

and what is more, Liv. 9, 24, 8:

verbane plus an sententia valere debeat,

Cic. Top. 25, 96: [p. 1174] cf.:

apud me argumenta plus quam testes valent,

id. Rep. 1, 38, 59:

valet enim salus plus quam libido,

id. ib. 1, 40, 63.—

With a partitive gen.:

vultis pecuniae plus habere,

Cic. Inv. 1, 47, 88; cf.:

nostri casus plus honoris habuerunt quam laboris,

id. Rep. 1, 4, 7; so,

plus virium,

id. Leg. 1, 2, 6:

plus hostium,

Liv. 2, 42:

plus dapis et rixae multo minus invidiaeque,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 51:

in hac causa eo plus auctoritatis habent, quia, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 3, 16, 26; cf.:

plus ingenii,

id. ib. 1, 14, 22:

Albano non plus animi erat quam fidei,

as little courage as fidelity, Liv. 1, 27, 5.—

With quam (some examples of which have already been given above):

non plus quam semel,

Cic. Off. 3, 15, 61:

confiteor eos... plus quam sicarios esse,

id. Phil. 2, 13, 31:

ne plus reddat quam acceperit,

id. Lael. 16, 58 et saep.:

non plus quam in tres partis posse distribui putaverunt,

into not more than, id. Inv. 1, 34, 57:

plus quam decem dies abesse,

id. Phil. 2, 13, 31:

nulla (navis) plus quam triginta remis agatur,

with more than, Liv. 38, 38, 8.—

Without quam:

HOMINES PLOVS V. OINVORSEI VIREI ATQVE MVLIERES, S. C. de Bacch. 19 (Wordsw. Fragm. and Spec. p. 173): plus mille capti,

Liv. 24, 44:

plus milies audivi,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 32: plus semel, Varr. ap. Plin. 14, 14, 17, § 96:

plus quingentos colaphos infregit mihi,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 46:

ferre plus dimidiati mensis cibaria,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 37:

non plus mille quingentos aeris,

id. Rep. 2, 22, 40:

paulo plus ducentos passus a castris,

Liv. 31, 34:

cum plus annum aeger fuisset,

id. 40, 2:

parte plus dimidia rem auctam,

id. 29, 25.—

With a compar. or adverbial abl., or with an abl. of measure:

VIREI PLOVS DVOBVS, S. C. de Bacch. 20 (Wordsw. Fragm. and Spec. p. 173): de paupertate tacentes Plus poscente ferent,

more than the importunate, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 44:

ex his alius alio plus habet virium,

Cic. Leg. 1, 2, 6: cave putes hoc tempore plus me quemquam cruciari, Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 15, A, 2:

alterum certe non potest, ut plus una vera sit,

Cic. N. D. 1, 2, 5; cf.:

in columba plures videri colores, nec esse plus uno,

id. Ac. 2, 25, 79: HOC PLVS NE FACITO, more than this, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 23, 59:

annos sexaginta natus es Aut plus eo,

or more than that, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 11:

plus aequo,

Cic. Lael. 16, 58:

plus paulo,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 8:

paulo plus,

Liv. 31, 34: multo plus, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8, A, 1:

plus nimio,

overmuch, Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 30: quam molestum est uno digito plus habere, too much by a finger, i. e. a finger too much, Cic. N. D. 1, 35, 99:

uno plus Etruscorum cecidisse in acie,

one man more, Liv. 2, 7, 2.—

In the gen. pretii, pluris, of more value, of a higher price, for more, higher, dearer:

ut plus reddant musti et olei, et pretii pluris,

of greater value, Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 4:

ager multo pluris est,

is worth much more, Cic. Rosc. Com. 12, 33; cf.:

quo pluris sint nostra oliveta,

id. Rep. 3, 9, 16:

pluris emere,

dearer, id. Fam. 7, 2, 1; so,

vendere,

id. Off. 3, 12, 51; id. Verr. 2, 3, 19, § 48; Hor. S. 2, 3, 300:

aedificare,

Col. 1, 4, 7:

pluris est oculatus testis quam auriti decem,

of more value, Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 8:

mea mihi conscientia pluris est, quam omnium sermo,

Cic. Att. 12, 28, 2:

facio pluris omnium hominem neminem,

id. ib. 8, 2, 4:

facere aliquem pluris,

make more of one, esteem him more highly, id. Fam. 3, 4, 2:

pluris habere,

id. Phil. 6, 4, 10:

aestimare,

id. Par. 6, 2, 48:

ducere,

id. Att. 7, 3, 5:

putare,

id. Off. 3, 4, 18 et saep.—

Rarely, instead of the genitive, in the abl. pretii: plure vendunt, Lucil. ap. Charis. 2, p. 189 P.: plure altero tanto, quanto ejus fundus est, velim, Plaut. ib.: plure venit, Cic. ib.—

Plus plusque, more and more: quem mehercule plus plusque in dies diligo. Cic. Att. 6, 2, 10.—

Like magis, with an adj.:

plus formosus, for formosior,

Nemes. Ecl. 4, 72.—

In the plur.

Comparatively, more in number:

omnes qui aere alieno premantur, quos plures esse intellego quam putaram,

Cic. Att. 7, 3, 5; id. Rep. 2, 22, 40:

nemini ego plura acerba esse credo ex amore homini umquam oblata quam mihi,

Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 1:

ne plura insignia essent imperii in libero populo quam in regno fuissent,

Cic. Rep. 2, 31, 55:

multo plura,

many more things, Quint. 3, 6, 28.—

In gen., of a great number, many: qui plus fore dicant in pluribus consilii quam in uno. Cic. Rep. 1, 35, 55: cf.: quid quaeso interest inter unum et plures, si justitia est in pluribus? id. ib. 1, 39, 61;

1, 34, 52: non possunt una in civitate multi rem ac fortunas amittere, ut non plures secum in eandem trahant calamitatem,

id. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:

quod pluribus praesentibus eas res jactari nolebat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 18:

plura castella Pompeius tentaverat,

id. B. C. 3, 52:

summus dolor plures dies manere non potest,

Cic. Fin. 2, 28, 93:

pluribus diebus, Quint. prooem. § 7: illic plurium rerum est congeries,

id. 8, 4, 27:

quae consuetudo sit, pluribus verbis docere,

Cic. Clu. 41, 115:

eum pluribus verbis rogat, ut, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 28, § 64;

without verba: quid ego plura dicam?

id. de Or. 1, 5, 18:

pluribus haec exsecutus sum,

Phaedr. 3, 10, 59;

also elliptically, quid plura? and, ne plura, like quid multa? and ne multa: hic sacra, hic genus, hic majorum multa vestigia. Quid plura? hanc vides villam, etc.,

what need of many words? in short, Cic. Leg. 2, 1, 3:

sed—ne plura—dicendum enim aliquando est—Pomponium Atticum sic amo, ut alterum fratrem,

id. Fam. 13, 1, 5.—

Esp.: plures.

The mass, the multitude, opp. pauciores, = hoi oligoi, Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 13.—

Euphemistically, acc. to the Gr. hoi pleiones, the dead:

quin prius Me ad plures penetravi?

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 14.—

The greater number, the majority:

plures nesciebant qua ex causa convenissent,

Vulg. Act. 19, 32.

Sup.: plūrĭmus (archaic form, plisima plurima, Paul. ex Fest. p. 204 and 205 Mull.: PLIOIRVME (I), Epit. of Scipio), a, um [from root ple; whence also plus, q. v., ploirumus for ploisumus; and thence the predominant form plurimus], most, very much, or many (as an adj. in good prose mostly in the plur., except the standing formula of greeting: salutem plurimam dicere alicui; v. infra):

hujus sunt plurima simulacra,

Caes. B. G. 6, 17:

nos plurimis ignotissimi gentibus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 17, 26:

plurimae et maximae partes,

id. ib. 1, 4, 8:

plurimorum seculorum memoria,

id. ib. 3, 9, 14:

haec plurimis a me verbis dicta sunt,

id. ib. 1, 7, 12 et saep.—In sing.:

me plurima praeda onustum,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 4:

sermo,

Quint. 2, 2, 5:

risus,

id. 6, 3, 85:

res,

id. 6, 1, 51:

exercitatio,

id. 8 prooem. §

28: mons,

very large, Verg. A. 1, 419:

cervix,

id. G. 3, 52:

Aetna,

Ov. Ib. 600.—Of a greeting: impertit salutem plurimam, Lucil. ap. Non. 472. 16; and esp. freq.: salutem plurimam dicit (commonly abbrev. S. P. D.) at the beginning of letters; v. salus.— Poet.:

medio cum plurimus orbe Sol erat,

very powerful, oppressive, Ov. M. 14, 53: plurima qua silva est. thickest, id. ib. 14, 361:

coma plurima,

very thick, id. ib. 13, 844:

sed plurima nantis in ore Alcyone conjux,

mostly, chiefly, id. ib. 11, 562.—And collect.:

plurimus in Junonis honorem Aptum dicet equis Argos,

many a one, very many, Hor. C. 1, 7, 8; so,

oleaster plurimus,

Verg. G. 2, 183:

qua plurima mittitur ales,

Mart. 9, 56, 1:

plurima lecta rosa est,

Ov. F. 4, 441.— In neutr. absol. (substant. or adverb.):

ut haberet quam plurimum,

as much as possible, Cic. Rab. Post. 14, 39:

caput autem est, quam plurimum scribere,

id. de Or. 1, 33, 150:

ut in quoque oratore plurimum esset,

id. Rep. 1, 27, 123.— Adv.: plūrĭmum:

et is valebat in suffragio plurimum, cujus plurimum intererat, esse in optimo statu civitatem,

Cic. Rep. 2, 22, 40:

auspiciis plurimum obsecutus est Romulus,

id. ib. 2, 9, 16:

si vero populus plurimum potest,

id. ib. 3, 14, 23; cf.:

qui apud me dignitate plurimum possunt,

id. Rosc. Am. 1, 4:

plurimum aliis praestare,

id. Inv. 2, 1, 1:

ut te plurimum diligam,

id. Fam. 1, 7, 1; id. Tusc. 5, 27, 78:

hoc ego utor uno omnium plurimum,

id. Fam. 11, 16, 2:

quantum (al. quanto) plurimum possunt,

Quint. 11, 3, 120: plurimum quantum also signifies very much indeed, exceedingly (post-class.):

plurimum quantum veritati nocuere,

Min. Fel. Oct. 22:

gratulor,

id. ib. 40:

(elleborum) ex aqua datur plurimum drachma,

at the most, Plin. 25, 5, 22, § 54; 9, 36, 60, § 125; 30, 6, 16, § 48; so,

cum plurimum,

id. 2, 17, 15, § 78 (opp. to cum minimum); 18, 7, 10, § 60: nec tam numerosa differentia; tribus ut plurimum bonitatibus distat, for the most part, commonly, usually, = plerumque, Plin. 15, 3, 4, § 18.—

In neutr. with a partit. gen.: sententiarum et gravitatis plurimum, Cic. Inv. 1, 18, 25:

artis,

Quint. 10, 5, 3:

auctoritatis et ponderis,

id. 9, 4, 91:

ut laboris sic utilitatis etiam longe plurimum,

id. 10, 3, 1:

virtutum,

id. 12, 1, 20 plurimum quantum favoris partibus dabat fratermtas ducum, Flor. 4, 2, 74.—

In the gen. pretii:

plurimi: immo unice unum plurimi pendit,

values very highly, esteems very much, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 29:

quem unum Alexander plurimi fecerat,

Nep. Eum. 2, 2:

ut quisque quod plurimi est possidet,

Cic. Par. 6, 2, 48.

multus (old form moltus), a, um; comp. plus; sup. plurimus (v. at the end of this art.), adj. [etym. dub.], much, great, many, of things corporeal and incorporeal.

In gen.: multi mortales, Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17: multi suam rem [p. 1173] bene gessere: multi qui, etc., Enn. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 6, 1 (Trag. v. 295 sq. Vahl.):

multi fortissimi viri,

Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 3:

rationes,

id. de Or. 1, 51, 222. tam multis verbis scribere, at such length, id. Fam. 3, 8, 1:

beneficia. Cato ap. Fest. s. v. ratissima, p. 286 Mull.: multi alii,

Ter. And. 5, 4, 28.—When used with another adjective it is usually connected with it by a conjunction:

multae et magnae contentiones,

many great conlests, Cic. Phil. 2, 3, 7; 3, 10, 26:

O multas et graves offensiones,

id. Att. 11, 7, 3:

multi et graves dolores,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 45, § 119:

multi et varii timores,

Liv. 3, 16, 3:

multae bonaeque artes animi,

Sall. J. 28, 5:

multa et clara facinora,

Tac. A. 12, 31.—But when the second adjective is used substantively the conjunction is omitted:

multi improbi,

Cic. Off. 2, 8, 28; 2, 19, 65:

multi boni, docti, prudentes,

id. Fl. 4, 8:

multi nobiles,

id. Planc. 20, 50:

multa acerba habuit ille annus,

id. Sest. 27, 58; 66, 139:

multa infanda,

Liv. 28, 12, 5:

multa falsa,

id. 35, 23, 2.—Also, when the second adjective forms with its substantive a single conception:

multa secunda proelia,

victories, Liv. 9, 42, 5; 35, 1, 3; 41, 17, 1:

multa libera capita,

freemen, id. 42, 41, 11:

multae liberae civitates,

republics, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 30, § 68:

multos fortes viros,

id. Cat. 3, 2, 7; id. Mur. 8, 17:

multi clari viri,

noblemen, id. Leg. 1, 5, 17:

multi primarii viri,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 61, § 149.—Similarly, et is omitted between multi and adjectives which form with their substantives familiar phrases:

multi clarissimi viri,

Cic. Phil. 11, 10, 24:

multi amplissimi viri,

id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Deiot. 14, 39; id. Fam. 10, 25, 2; id. Att. 10, 8, 7; 16, 16, 11; id. Verr. 1, 7, 19:

multi honestissimi homines,

id. Fam. 15, 15, 3:

multi peritissimi homines,

id. Caecin. 24, 69:

multi summi homines,

id. Arch. 12, 30; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:

multi clarissimi et sapientissimi viri,

id. Planc. 4, 11; id. Cael. 18, 43.—Et is also omitted when the substantive stands between the two adjectives:

in veteribus patronis multis,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 1, 2:

multa praeterea bella gravia,

id. Agr. 2, 33, 90:

multis suppliciis justis,

id. Cat. 1, 8, 20:

multa majores nostri magna et gravia bella gesserunt,

id. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6:

plurima signa pulcherrima,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 23, § 61.—When both adjectives follow the substantive, et is sometimes inserted:

virtutes animi multae et magnae,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 64:

causas ille multas et graves habuit,

id. Clu. 30, 82;

and is sometimes omitted, the emphasis then falling on the second adjective: utebatur hominibus improbis, multis,

id. Cael. 5, 12:

prodigia multa, foeda,

Liv. 40, 29, 1.—With a partitive gen.:

multi hominum,

Plin. 16, 25, 40, § 96:

multae silvestrium arborum,

id. 16, 31, 56, § 128.—In neutr. plur.: multa, orum, many things, much:

nimium multa,

Cic. Fam. 4, 14, 3:

nimis multa,

id. Fin. 2, 18, 57:

insulae non ita multae,

not so many, not so very many, Plin. 5, 7, 7, § 41:

parum multa scire,

too few, Auct. Her. 1, 1, 1: bene multi, a good many, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 4:

quam minime multa vestigia servitutis,

as few as possible, Nep. Tim. 3, 3:

minime multi remiges,

exceedingly few, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 88:

in multas pecunias alienissimorum hominum invasit,

id. Phil. 2, 16, 41; id. Verr. 2, 5, 19, § 48:

multae pecuniae variis ex causis a privatis detinentur,

Plin. Ep. 10, 17, 3.—Sometimes multi stands for multi alii, many others:

nam certe Pompeio, et a Curionibus patre et filio, et a multis exprobratum est,

Suet. Caes. 50.—The sing. also is used poet. for the plur., many a:

aut trudit acres hinc et hinc multa cane Apros in obstantes plagas,

with many dogs, Hor. Epod. 2, 31:

multa prece prosequi,

id. C. 4, 5, 33:

multa victima,

Verg. E. 1, 34: agna. Ov. F. 4, 772:

avis,

id. Am. 3, 5, 4:

tabella,

Tib. 1, 3, 28; so of persons: multus sua vulnera puppi Affixit moriens, many a one, for multi affixerunt, Luc. 3, 707.—In sing., to denote quantity, much, great, abundant: multum aurum et argentum. Plaut. Rud. 5, 2, 8; 22:

exstructa mensa multa carne rancida,

Cic. Pis. 27, 67:

multo labore quaerere aliquid,

with much labor, great exertion, Cic. Sull. 26, 73:

cura,

Sall. J. 7, 4:

sol,

much sun, Plin. 31, 7, 39, § 81: sermo, much conversalion, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 20, 1: stilus tuus multi sudoris est. Cic. de Or. 1, 60, 257: multo cibo et potione completi, id. Tusc. 5, 35, 100:

multo sanguine ea Poenis victoria stetit,

Liv. 23, 30, 2:

multum sanguinem haurire,

Curt. 4, 14, 17; 8, 14, 32:

multam harenam mare evomit,

id. 4, 6, 8:

arbor,

id. 7, 4, 26:

silva,

id. 8, 10, 14:

multae vestis injectu opprimi,

Tac. A. 6, 50:

multa et lauta supellex,

Cic. Phil. 2, 27, 66:

aurum,

Sall. J. 13, 6; Tac. A. 6, 33; Liv. 26, 11, 9; Curt. 3, 3, 12:

libertas,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 5:

multam salutem dicere alicui,

to greet heartily, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 194:

cum auro et argento multo,

Sall. J. 13, 6.—Of time:

Itaque multum diei processerat,

a great part of the day, Sall. J. 51, 2:

ad multum diem,

till far in the day, Cic. Att. 13, 9, 1:

multo adhuc die,

when much of the day was still remaining, when it was still high day, Tac. H. 2, 44:

multo denique die,

when the day was far spent, Caes. B. G. 1, 22:

multa nocte,

late at night, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 9, 2:

multo mane,

very early, id. Att. 5, 4, 1:

multa opinio, for multorum,

the general opinion, Gell. 3, 16, 1:

velut multa pace,

as in a general peace, as if there were peace everywhere, Tac. H. 4, 35:

multus homo,

one who gives himself up to the lusts of many, Cat. 112, 1.— multi, orum, m., the many, the common mass, the multitude: probis probatus potius, quam multis forem, Att. ap. Non. 519, 9:

video ego te, mulier, more multarum utier,

id. ib. —Esp.: unus e (or de) multis, one of the multitude, a man of no distinction:

tenuis L. Virginius unusque e multis,

Cic. Fin. 2, 20, 62:

unus de multis esse,

id. Off. 1, 30, 109: M. Calidius non fuit orator unus e multis;

potius inter multos prope singularis fuit,

id. Brut. 79, 274:

numerarer in multis,

among the herd of orators, id. ib. 97, 333:

e multis una sit tibi,

no better than others, Ov. R. Am. 682:

multum est,

it is of importance, Verg. G. 2, 272.—In neutr. absol.: ne multa, or ne multis, not to be prolix, in short:

ne multa: perquiritur a coactoribus,

Cic. Clu. 64, 181:

ne multis: Diogenes emitur,

id. ib. 16, 47:

quid multis moror?

Ter. And. 1, 1, 87.—Sometimes multa is used (particularly by the poets) adverbially, much, greatly, very:

multa reluctari,

Verg. G. 4, 301:

gemens,

id. ib. 3, 226; id. A. 5, 869:

deos testatus,

id. ib. 7, 593:

invehi,

Nep. Ep. 6, 1 (cf. nonnulla invehi, id. Tim. 5, 3):

haud multa moratus,

Verg. A. 3, 610.—Rarely in multum:

in multum velociores,

by far, Plin. 10, 36, 52, § 108.—

In partic.

Too much, overmuch, excessive:

supellex modica, non multa,

Nep. Att. 13, 5.—

In speech, much-speaking, diffuse, prolix:

qui in aliquo genere aut inconcinnus aut multus est,

Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 17:

ne in re nota et pervulgata multus et insolens sim,

id. ib. 2, 87, 358:

nolo in stellarum ratione multus vobis videri,

id. N. D. 2, 46, 119.—

Frequent, frequently present:

in operibus, in agmine, atque ad vigilias multus adesse,

Sall. J. 96, 3:

multus in eo proelio Caesar fuit,

was in many places, Flor. 4, 2, 50:

hen hercle hominem multum et odiosum mihi!

troublesome, tedious, Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 41:

instare,

Sall. J. 84, 1.—Hence, adv., in two forms.

multum, much, very much, greatly, very, often, frequently, far, etc. (class.):

salve multum, gnate mi,

Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 56:

multum vale,

farewell, id. Stich. 3, 2, 40:

hominem ineptum multum et odiosum mihi,

id. Men. 2, 2, 42:

opinor, Cassium uti non ita multum sorore,

not very much, Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 3:

multum mecum municipales homines loquuntur,

often, id. Att. 8, 13, 2:

non multum ille quidem nec saepe dicebat,

id. Brut. 34, 128:

non multum confidere,

not very much, not particularly, Caes. B. G. 3, 25:

sunt in venationibus,

often, frequently, id. ib. 4, 1:

in eodem genere causarum multum erat T. Juventius,

Cic. Brut. 48, 178:

multum fuisse cum aliquo,

to have had much intercourse with, id. Rep. 1, 10, 16:

sum multum equidem cum Phaedro in Epicuri hortis,

id. Fin. 5, 1, 3:

gratia valere,

to be in great favor, Nep. Con. 2, 1:

res multum et saepe quaesita,

Cic. Leg. 3, 15, 33:

longe omnes multumque superabit,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 115:

multum et diu cogitans,

id. Div. 2, 1, 1:

diu multumque scriptitare,

id. de Or. 1, 33, 152.—With an adj.:

multum loquaces,

very talkative, Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 5:

mepti labores,

very, Plin. Ep. 1, 9.— Poet. also with comp.:

multum improbiores sunt quam a primo credidi,

much, far, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 139:

multum robustior illo,

Juv. 19, 197:

majora,

Sil. 13, 708.— So with infra, post:

haud multum infra viam,

Liv. 5, 37, 7; Plin. 98, 7, § 20:

haud multum post mortem ejus,

Tac. A. 5, 3:

ut multum,

at most, Mart. 10, 11, 6; Vop. Aur. 46.—

multō by much, much, a great deal, far, by far (class.).

With comparatives and verbs which imply comparison:

multo tanto carior,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 76:

pauciores oratores,

Cic. de Or. 1, 3, 11:

facilius atque expeditius iter,

Caes. B. G. 1, 6.—With verbs:

virtutem omnibus rebus multo anteponentes,

Cic. Fin. 4, 18, 49:

multo ceteros anteibant,

Tac. H. 4, 13:

multo praestat beneficii, quam maleficii immemorem esse,

Sall. J. 31, 28.—With malle:

multo mavolo,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 88; id. Ps. 2, 4, 38:

meo judicio multo stare malo, quam, etc.,

Cic. Att. 12, 21, 1.—

With sup. (rare but class.), by far, by much:

quae tibi mulier videtur multo sapientissuma,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 66; id. Am. 2, 2, 150: multo optimus hostis, by far, Lucil. ap. Non. 4, 413:

simulacrum multo antiquissimum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49, § 109; 2, 4, 23, § 50; id. Cat. 4, 8, 17:

maxima pars,

id. Imp. Pomp. 18, 54; cf. Hor. S. 2, 3, 82:

multo id bellum maximum fuit,

Liv. 1, 11, 5:

pars multo maxima,

id. 30, 18, 14: multo molestissima, Cic. Div. in. Caecil. 11, 36:

multo gratissima lux,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 39:

foedissimum,

Quint. 9, 4, 72:

optimum,

id. ib. 26:

pulcherrimum,

id. 1, 2, 24:

utilissima,

id. 2, 10, 1:

maxime,

Auct. Her. 4, 44, 58:

multo maxime miserabile,

Sall. C. 36, 4:

multo maxime ingenio validus,

id. J. 6, 1.—

With particles denoting a difference, far, greatly, very:

multo aliter,

Ter. And. prol. 4:

multo aliter ac sperabat,

far otherwise than, Nep. Ham. 2:

quod non multo secus fieret, si,

not far otherwise, not very different, Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 1: multo infra Cyrenaicum. Plin. 19, 3, 15, § 40. —

In specifications of time, before ante and post, long, much:

non multo ante urbem captam,

Cic. Div. 1, 45, 101:

non multo ante,

not long before, Nep. Eum. 3, 3:

multo ante,

Cic. Fam. 4, 1, 1:

non multo post, quam, etc.,

not long after, id. Att. 12, 49, 9:

haud multo ante solis occasum,

Liv. 5, 39, 2:

multo ante noctem,

id. 27, 42, 13.—

Very rarely with the positive for multum:

maligna multo,

very, Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 83 Umpf.—

Doubled, multo multoque, with comparatives:

multo multoque longior,

far, very much, Front. ad M. Caes. 2, 5:

multo multoque operosius est,

Val. Max. 4, 1, 2: multo multoque magis, Front. Laud. Negl. § 3.

Comp.: plūs, pluris; in the plur., plures, plura (in sing. anciently written plous; three times in the S. C. de Bacch. Here perh. belongs, in the plur., pleores and pleoris, for plures, in the Song of the Arval Brothers.—For the class. neuter of the plur., plura, the form pluria was used in ante-class. Latinity. Gellius cites M. Cato, Q. Claudius, Valerius Antias, L. AElius, P. Nigidius, and M. Varro as authorities for this form, Gell. 5, 21, 6; yet Plautus and Terence have only plura; and the earlier reading pluria, in Lucr. 1, 877; 2, 1135; 4, 1085, is now supplanted by the critically certain plura and plurima.—The gen. plur. plurium, however, has remained the predominant form, e. g. Quint. 7, 1, 1; 8, 4, 27; 9, 4, 66 et saep.) [from the root ple; Gr. pleon, pimplêmi; cf. plenus, plera, compleo, etc.; also locu-ples, plebes, populus, etc.], more.

In the sing. (used both substantively and adverbially): LIBRAS FARRIS ENDO DIES DATO. SI VOLET PLVS DATO, Fragm. XII. Tab. in Gell. 20, 1, 45: SI PLVS MINVSVE SECVERVNT, SE FRAVDE ESTO, ib.;

so (perh. in imitation of this legal phrase): ebeu, cur ego plus minusve feci quam aequom fuit!

Plaut. Capt. 5, 3, 18; Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 21:

ne plus minusve loqueretur,

Suet. Aug. 84; cf. Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 27; and in the signif. of circiter, about: septingenti sunt paulo plus aut minus anni... postquam, etc., Enn. ap. Varr. R. R. 3, 1, 2 (Ann. v. 493 Vahl.);

so. non longius abesse plus minus octo milibus,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 20, 1 Oud.; cf.:

speranti plures... venerunt plusve minusve duae,

Mart. 8, 71, 4:

aut ne quid faciam plus, quod post me minus fecisse satius sit,

too much... too little, Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 4:

tantum et plus etiam ipse mihi deberet,

Cic. Att. 7, 3, 7:

vos et decem numero, et, quod plus est, Romani estis,

and what is more, Liv. 9, 24, 8:

verbane plus an sententia valere debeat,

Cic. Top. 25, 96: [p. 1174] cf.:

apud me argumenta plus quam testes valent,

id. Rep. 1, 38, 59:

valet enim salus plus quam libido,

id. ib. 1, 40, 63.—

With a partitive gen.:

vultis pecuniae plus habere,

Cic. Inv. 1, 47, 88; cf.:

nostri casus plus honoris habuerunt quam laboris,

id. Rep. 1, 4, 7; so,

plus virium,

id. Leg. 1, 2, 6:

plus hostium,

Liv. 2, 42:

plus dapis et rixae multo minus invidiaeque,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 51:

in hac causa eo plus auctoritatis habent, quia, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 3, 16, 26; cf.:

plus ingenii,

id. ib. 1, 14, 22:

Albano non plus animi erat quam fidei,

as little courage as fidelity, Liv. 1, 27, 5.—

With quam (some examples of which have already been given above):

non plus quam semel,

Cic. Off. 3, 15, 61:

confiteor eos... plus quam sicarios esse,

id. Phil. 2, 13, 31:

ne plus reddat quam acceperit,

id. Lael. 16, 58 et saep.:

non plus quam in tres partis posse distribui putaverunt,

into not more than, id. Inv. 1, 34, 57:

plus quam decem dies abesse,

id. Phil. 2, 13, 31:

nulla (navis) plus quam triginta remis agatur,

with more than, Liv. 38, 38, 8.—

Without quam:

HOMINES PLOVS V. OINVORSEI VIREI ATQVE MVLIERES, S. C. de Bacch. 19 (Wordsw. Fragm. and Spec. p. 173): plus mille capti,

Liv. 24, 44:

plus milies audivi,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 32: plus semel, Varr. ap. Plin. 14, 14, 17, § 96:

plus quingentos colaphos infregit mihi,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 46:

ferre plus dimidiati mensis cibaria,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 37:

non plus mille quingentos aeris,

id. Rep. 2, 22, 40:

paulo plus ducentos passus a castris,

Liv. 31, 34:

cum plus annum aeger fuisset,

id. 40, 2:

parte plus dimidia rem auctam,

id. 29, 25.—

With a compar. or adverbial abl., or with an abl. of measure:

VIREI PLOVS DVOBVS, S. C. de Bacch. 20 (Wordsw. Fragm. and Spec. p. 173): de paupertate tacentes Plus poscente ferent,

more than the importunate, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 44:

ex his alius alio plus habet virium,

Cic. Leg. 1, 2, 6: cave putes hoc tempore plus me quemquam cruciari, Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 15, A, 2:

alterum certe non potest, ut plus una vera sit,

Cic. N. D. 1, 2, 5; cf.:

in columba plures videri colores, nec esse plus uno,

id. Ac. 2, 25, 79: HOC PLVS NE FACITO, more than this, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 23, 59:

annos sexaginta natus es Aut plus eo,

or more than that, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 11:

plus aequo,

Cic. Lael. 16, 58:

plus paulo,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 8:

paulo plus,

Liv. 31, 34: multo plus, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8, A, 1:

plus nimio,

overmuch, Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 30: quam molestum est uno digito plus habere, too much by a finger, i. e. a finger too much, Cic. N. D. 1, 35, 99:

uno plus Etruscorum cecidisse in acie,

one man more, Liv. 2, 7, 2.—

In the gen. pretii, pluris, of more value, of a higher price, for more, higher, dearer:

ut plus reddant musti et olei, et pretii pluris,

of greater value, Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 4:

ager multo pluris est,

is worth much more, Cic. Rosc. Com. 12, 33; cf.:

quo pluris sint nostra oliveta,

id. Rep. 3, 9, 16:

pluris emere,

dearer, id. Fam. 7, 2, 1; so,

vendere,

id. Off. 3, 12, 51; id. Verr. 2, 3, 19, § 48; Hor. S. 2, 3, 300:

aedificare,

Col. 1, 4, 7:

pluris est oculatus testis quam auriti decem,

of more value, Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 8:

mea mihi conscientia pluris est, quam omnium sermo,

Cic. Att. 12, 28, 2:

facio pluris omnium hominem neminem,

id. ib. 8, 2, 4:

facere aliquem pluris,

make more of one, esteem him more highly, id. Fam. 3, 4, 2:

pluris habere,

id. Phil. 6, 4, 10:

aestimare,

id. Par. 6, 2, 48:

ducere,

id. Att. 7, 3, 5:

putare,

id. Off. 3, 4, 18 et saep.—

Rarely, instead of the genitive, in the abl. pretii: plure vendunt, Lucil. ap. Charis. 2, p. 189 P.: plure altero tanto, quanto ejus fundus est, velim, Plaut. ib.: plure venit, Cic. ib.—

Plus plusque, more and more: quem mehercule plus plusque in dies diligo. Cic. Att. 6, 2, 10.—

Like magis, with an adj.:

plus formosus, for formosior,

Nemes. Ecl. 4, 72.—

In the plur.

Comparatively, more in number:

omnes qui aere alieno premantur, quos plures esse intellego quam putaram,

Cic. Att. 7, 3, 5; id. Rep. 2, 22, 40:

nemini ego plura acerba esse credo ex amore homini umquam oblata quam mihi,

Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 1:

ne plura insignia essent imperii in libero populo quam in regno fuissent,

Cic. Rep. 2, 31, 55:

multo plura,

many more things, Quint. 3, 6, 28.—

In gen., of a great number, many: qui plus fore dicant in pluribus consilii quam in uno. Cic. Rep. 1, 35, 55: cf.: quid quaeso interest inter unum et plures, si justitia est in pluribus? id. ib. 1, 39, 61;

1, 34, 52: non possunt una in civitate multi rem ac fortunas amittere, ut non plures secum in eandem trahant calamitatem,

id. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:

quod pluribus praesentibus eas res jactari nolebat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 18:

plura castella Pompeius tentaverat,

id. B. C. 3, 52:

summus dolor plures dies manere non potest,

Cic. Fin. 2, 28, 93:

pluribus diebus, Quint. prooem. § 7: illic plurium rerum est congeries,

id. 8, 4, 27:

quae consuetudo sit, pluribus verbis docere,

Cic. Clu. 41, 115:

eum pluribus verbis rogat, ut, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 28, § 64;

without verba: quid ego plura dicam?

id. de Or. 1, 5, 18:

pluribus haec exsecutus sum,

Phaedr. 3, 10, 59;

also elliptically, quid plura? and, ne plura, like quid multa? and ne multa: hic sacra, hic genus, hic majorum multa vestigia. Quid plura? hanc vides villam, etc.,

what need of many words? in short, Cic. Leg. 2, 1, 3:

sed—ne plura—dicendum enim aliquando est—Pomponium Atticum sic amo, ut alterum fratrem,

id. Fam. 13, 1, 5.—

Esp.: plures.

The mass, the multitude, opp. pauciores, = hoi oligoi, Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 13.—

Euphemistically, acc. to the Gr. hoi pleiones, the dead:

quin prius Me ad plures penetravi?

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 14.—

The greater number, the majority:

plures nesciebant qua ex causa convenissent,

Vulg. Act. 19, 32.

Sup.: plūrĭmus (archaic form, plisima plurima, Paul. ex Fest. p. 204 and 205 Mull.: PLIOIRVME (I), Epit. of Scipio), a, um [from root ple; whence also plus, q. v., ploirumus for ploisumus; and thence the predominant form plurimus], most, very much, or many (as an adj. in good prose mostly in the plur., except the standing formula of greeting: salutem plurimam dicere alicui; v. infra):

hujus sunt plurima simulacra,

Caes. B. G. 6, 17:

nos plurimis ignotissimi gentibus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 17, 26:

plurimae et maximae partes,

id. ib. 1, 4, 8:

plurimorum seculorum memoria,

id. ib. 3, 9, 14:

haec plurimis a me verbis dicta sunt,

id. ib. 1, 7, 12 et saep.—In sing.:

me plurima praeda onustum,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 4:

sermo,

Quint. 2, 2, 5:

risus,

id. 6, 3, 85:

res,

id. 6, 1, 51:

exercitatio,

id. 8 prooem. §

28: mons,

very large, Verg. A. 1, 419:

cervix,

id. G. 3, 52:

Aetna,

Ov. Ib. 600.—Of a greeting: impertit salutem plurimam, Lucil. ap. Non. 472. 16; and esp. freq.: salutem plurimam dicit (commonly abbrev. S. P. D.) at the beginning of letters; v. salus.— Poet.:

medio cum plurimus orbe Sol erat,

very powerful, oppressive, Ov. M. 14, 53: plurima qua silva est. thickest, id. ib. 14, 361:

coma plurima,

very thick, id. ib. 13, 844:

sed plurima nantis in ore Alcyone conjux,

mostly, chiefly, id. ib. 11, 562.—And collect.:

plurimus in Junonis honorem Aptum dicet equis Argos,

many a one, very many, Hor. C. 1, 7, 8; so,

oleaster plurimus,

Verg. G. 2, 183:

qua plurima mittitur ales,

Mart. 9, 56, 1:

plurima lecta rosa est,

Ov. F. 4, 441.— In neutr. absol. (substant. or adverb.):

ut haberet quam plurimum,

as much as possible, Cic. Rab. Post. 14, 39:

caput autem est, quam plurimum scribere,

id. de Or. 1, 33, 150:

ut in quoque oratore plurimum esset,

id. Rep. 1, 27, 123.— Adv.: plūrĭmum:

et is valebat in suffragio plurimum, cujus plurimum intererat, esse in optimo statu civitatem,

Cic. Rep. 2, 22, 40:

auspiciis plurimum obsecutus est Romulus,

id. ib. 2, 9, 16:

si vero populus plurimum potest,

id. ib. 3, 14, 23; cf.:

qui apud me dignitate plurimum possunt,

id. Rosc. Am. 1, 4:

plurimum aliis praestare,

id. Inv. 2, 1, 1:

ut te plurimum diligam,

id. Fam. 1, 7, 1; id. Tusc. 5, 27, 78:

hoc ego utor uno omnium plurimum,

id. Fam. 11, 16, 2:

quantum (al. quanto) plurimum possunt,

Quint. 11, 3, 120: plurimum quantum also signifies very much indeed, exceedingly (post-class.):

plurimum quantum veritati nocuere,

Min. Fel. Oct. 22:

gratulor,

id. ib. 40:

(elleborum) ex aqua datur plurimum drachma,

at the most, Plin. 25, 5, 22, § 54; 9, 36, 60, § 125; 30, 6, 16, § 48; so,

cum plurimum,

id. 2, 17, 15, § 78 (opp. to cum minimum); 18, 7, 10, § 60: nec tam numerosa differentia; tribus ut plurimum bonitatibus distat, for the most part, commonly, usually, = plerumque, Plin. 15, 3, 4, § 18.—

In neutr. with a partit. gen.: sententiarum et gravitatis plurimum, Cic. Inv. 1, 18, 25:

artis,

Quint. 10, 5, 3:

auctoritatis et ponderis,

id. 9, 4, 91:

ut laboris sic utilitatis etiam longe plurimum,

id. 10, 3, 1:

virtutum,

id. 12, 1, 20 plurimum quantum favoris partibus dabat fratermtas ducum, Flor. 4, 2, 74.—

In the gen. pretii:

plurimi: immo unice unum plurimi pendit,

values very highly, esteems very much, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 29:

quem unum Alexander plurimi fecerat,

Nep. Eum. 2, 2:

ut quisque quod plurimi est possidet,

Cic. Par. 6, 2, 48.

multus (old form moltus), a, um; comp. plus; sup. plurimus (v. at the end of this art.), adj. [etym. dub.], much, great, many, of things corporeal and incorporeal.

In gen.: multi mortales, Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17: multi suam rem [p. 1173] bene gessere: multi qui, etc., Enn. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 6, 1 (Trag. v. 295 sq. Vahl.):

multi fortissimi viri,

Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 3:

rationes,

id. de Or. 1, 51, 222. tam multis verbis scribere, at such length, id. Fam. 3, 8, 1:

beneficia. Cato ap. Fest. s. v. ratissima, p. 286 Mull.: multi alii,

Ter. And. 5, 4, 28.—When used with another adjective it is usually connected with it by a conjunction:

multae et magnae contentiones,

many great conlests, Cic. Phil. 2, 3, 7; 3, 10, 26:

O multas et graves offensiones,

id. Att. 11, 7, 3:

multi et graves dolores,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 45, § 119:

multi et varii timores,

Liv. 3, 16, 3:

multae bonaeque artes animi,

Sall. J. 28, 5:

multa et clara facinora,

Tac. A. 12, 31.—But when the second adjective is used substantively the conjunction is omitted:

multi improbi,

Cic. Off. 2, 8, 28; 2, 19, 65:

multi boni, docti, prudentes,

id. Fl. 4, 8:

multi nobiles,

id. Planc. 20, 50:

multa acerba habuit ille annus,

id. Sest. 27, 58; 66, 139:

multa infanda,

Liv. 28, 12, 5:

multa falsa,

id. 35, 23, 2.—Also, when the second adjective forms with its substantive a single conception:

multa secunda proelia,

victories, Liv. 9, 42, 5; 35, 1, 3; 41, 17, 1:

multa libera capita,

freemen, id. 42, 41, 11:

multae liberae civitates,

republics, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 30, § 68:

multos fortes viros,

id. Cat. 3, 2, 7; id. Mur. 8, 17:

multi clari viri,

noblemen, id. Leg. 1, 5, 17:

multi primarii viri,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 61, § 149.—Similarly, et is omitted between multi and adjectives which form with their substantives familiar phrases:

multi clarissimi viri,

Cic. Phil. 11, 10, 24:

multi amplissimi viri,

id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Deiot. 14, 39; id. Fam. 10, 25, 2; id. Att. 10, 8, 7; 16, 16, 11; id. Verr. 1, 7, 19:

multi honestissimi homines,

id. Fam. 15, 15, 3:

multi peritissimi homines,

id. Caecin. 24, 69:

multi summi homines,

id. Arch. 12, 30; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:

multi clarissimi et sapientissimi viri,

id. Planc. 4, 11; id. Cael. 18, 43.—Et is also omitted when the substantive stands between the two adjectives:

in veteribus patronis multis,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 1, 2:

multa praeterea bella gravia,

id. Agr. 2, 33, 90:

multis suppliciis justis,

id. Cat. 1, 8, 20:

multa majores nostri magna et gravia bella gesserunt,

id. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6:

plurima signa pulcherrima,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 23, § 61.—When both adjectives follow the substantive, et is sometimes inserted:

virtutes animi multae et magnae,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 64:

causas ille multas et graves habuit,

id. Clu. 30, 82;

and is sometimes omitted, the emphasis then falling on the second adjective: utebatur hominibus improbis, multis,

id. Cael. 5, 12:

prodigia multa, foeda,

Liv. 40, 29, 1.—With a partitive gen.:

multi hominum,

Plin. 16, 25, 40, § 96:

multae silvestrium arborum,

id. 16, 31, 56, § 128.—In neutr. plur.: multa, orum, many things, much:

nimium multa,

Cic. Fam. 4, 14, 3:

nimis multa,

id. Fin. 2, 18, 57:

insulae non ita multae,

not so many, not so very many, Plin. 5, 7, 7, § 41:

parum multa scire,

too few, Auct. Her. 1, 1, 1: bene multi, a good many, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 4:

quam minime multa vestigia servitutis,

as few as possible, Nep. Tim. 3, 3:

minime multi remiges,

exceedingly few, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 88:

in multas pecunias alienissimorum hominum invasit,

id. Phil. 2, 16, 41; id. Verr. 2, 5, 19, § 48:

multae pecuniae variis ex causis a privatis detinentur,

Plin. Ep. 10, 17, 3.—Sometimes multi stands for multi alii, many others:

nam certe Pompeio, et a Curionibus patre et filio, et a multis exprobratum est,

Suet. Caes. 50.—The sing. also is used poet. for the plur., many a:

aut trudit acres hinc et hinc multa cane Apros in obstantes plagas,

with many dogs, Hor. Epod. 2, 31:

multa prece prosequi,

id. C. 4, 5, 33:

multa victima,

Verg. E. 1, 34: agna. Ov. F. 4, 772:

avis,

id. Am. 3, 5, 4:

tabella,

Tib. 1, 3, 28; so of persons: multus sua vulnera puppi Affixit moriens, many a one, for multi affixerunt, Luc. 3, 707.—In sing., to denote quantity, much, great, abundant: multum aurum et argentum. Plaut. Rud. 5, 2, 8; 22:

exstructa mensa multa carne rancida,

Cic. Pis. 27, 67:

multo labore quaerere aliquid,

with much labor, great exertion, Cic. Sull. 26, 73:

cura,

Sall. J. 7, 4:

sol,

much sun, Plin. 31, 7, 39, § 81: sermo, much conversalion, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 20, 1: stilus tuus multi sudoris est. Cic. de Or. 1, 60, 257: multo cibo et potione completi, id. Tusc. 5, 35, 100:

multo sanguine ea Poenis victoria stetit,

Liv. 23, 30, 2:

multum sanguinem haurire,

Curt. 4, 14, 17; 8, 14, 32:

multam harenam mare evomit,

id. 4, 6, 8:

arbor,

id. 7, 4, 26:

silva,

id. 8, 10, 14:

multae vestis injectu opprimi,

Tac. A. 6, 50:

multa et lauta supellex,

Cic. Phil. 2, 27, 66:

aurum,

Sall. J. 13, 6; Tac. A. 6, 33; Liv. 26, 11, 9; Curt. 3, 3, 12:

libertas,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 5:

multam salutem dicere alicui,

to greet heartily, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 194:

cum auro et argento multo,

Sall. J. 13, 6.—Of time:

Itaque multum diei processerat,

a great part of the day, Sall. J. 51, 2:

ad multum diem,

till far in the day, Cic. Att. 13, 9, 1:

multo adhuc die,

when much of the day was still remaining, when it was still high day, Tac. H. 2, 44:

multo denique die,

when the day was far spent, Caes. B. G. 1, 22:

multa nocte,

late at night, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 9, 2:

multo mane,

very early, id. Att. 5, 4, 1:

multa opinio, for multorum,

the general opinion, Gell. 3, 16, 1:

velut multa pace,

as in a general peace, as if there were peace everywhere, Tac. H. 4, 35:

multus homo,

one who gives himself up to the lusts of many, Cat. 112, 1.— multi, orum, m., the many, the common mass, the multitude: probis probatus potius, quam multis forem, Att. ap. Non. 519, 9:

video ego te, mulier, more multarum utier,

id. ib. —Esp.: unus e (or de) multis, one of the multitude, a man of no distinction:

tenuis L. Virginius unusque e multis,

Cic. Fin. 2, 20, 62:

unus de multis esse,

id. Off. 1, 30, 109: M. Calidius non fuit orator unus e multis;

potius inter multos prope singularis fuit,

id. Brut. 79, 274:

numerarer in multis,

among the herd of orators, id. ib. 97, 333:

e multis una sit tibi,

no better than others, Ov. R. Am. 682:

multum est,

it is of importance, Verg. G. 2, 272.—In neutr. absol.: ne multa, or ne multis, not to be prolix, in short:

ne multa: perquiritur a coactoribus,

Cic. Clu. 64, 181:

ne multis: Diogenes emitur,

id. ib. 16, 47:

quid multis moror?

Ter. And. 1, 1, 87.—Sometimes multa is used (particularly by the poets) adverbially, much, greatly, very:

multa reluctari,

Verg. G. 4, 301:

gemens,

id. ib. 3, 226; id. A. 5, 869:

deos testatus,

id. ib. 7, 593:

invehi,

Nep. Ep. 6, 1 (cf. nonnulla invehi, id. Tim. 5, 3):

haud multa moratus,

Verg. A. 3, 610.—Rarely in multum:

in multum velociores,

by far, Plin. 10, 36, 52, § 108.—

In partic.

Too much, overmuch, excessive:

supellex modica, non multa,

Nep. Att. 13, 5.—

In speech, much-speaking, diffuse, prolix:

qui in aliquo genere aut inconcinnus aut multus est,

Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 17:

ne in re nota et pervulgata multus et insolens sim,

id. ib. 2, 87, 358:

nolo in stellarum ratione multus vobis videri,

id. N. D. 2, 46, 119.—

Frequent, frequently present:

in operibus, in agmine, atque ad vigilias multus adesse,

Sall. J. 96, 3:

multus in eo proelio Caesar fuit,

was in many places, Flor. 4, 2, 50:

hen hercle hominem multum et odiosum mihi!

troublesome, tedious, Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 41:

instare,

Sall. J. 84, 1.—Hence, adv., in two forms.

multum, much, very much, greatly, very, often, frequently, far, etc. (class.):

salve multum, gnate mi,

Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 56:

multum vale,

farewell, id. Stich. 3, 2, 40:

hominem ineptum multum et odiosum mihi,

id. Men. 2, 2, 42:

opinor, Cassium uti non ita multum sorore,

not very much, Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 3:

multum mecum municipales homines loquuntur,

often, id. Att. 8, 13, 2:

non multum ille quidem nec saepe dicebat,

id. Brut. 34, 128:

non multum confidere,

not very much, not particularly, Caes. B. G. 3, 25:

sunt in venationibus,

often, frequently, id. ib. 4, 1:

in eodem genere causarum multum erat T. Juventius,

Cic. Brut. 48, 178:

multum fuisse cum aliquo,

to have had much intercourse with, id. Rep. 1, 10, 16:

sum multum equidem cum Phaedro in Epicuri hortis,

id. Fin. 5, 1, 3:

gratia valere,

to be in great favor, Nep. Con. 2, 1:

res multum et saepe quaesita,

Cic. Leg. 3, 15, 33:

longe omnes multumque superabit,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 115:

multum et diu cogitans,

id. Div. 2, 1, 1:

diu multumque scriptitare,

id. de Or. 1, 33, 152.—With an adj.:

multum loquaces,

very talkative, Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 5:

mepti labores,

very, Plin. Ep. 1, 9.— Poet. also with comp.:

multum improbiores sunt quam a primo credidi,

much, far, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 139:

multum robustior illo,

Juv. 19, 197:

majora,

Sil. 13, 708.— So with infra, post:

haud multum infra viam,

Liv. 5, 37, 7; Plin. 98, 7, § 20:

haud multum post mortem ejus,

Tac. A. 5, 3:

ut multum,

at most, Mart. 10, 11, 6; Vop. Aur. 46.—

multō by much, much, a great deal, far, by far (class.).

With comparatives and verbs which imply comparison:

multo tanto carior,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 76:

pauciores oratores,

Cic. de Or. 1, 3, 11:

facilius atque expeditius iter,

Caes. B. G. 1, 6.—With verbs:

virtutem omnibus rebus multo anteponentes,

Cic. Fin. 4, 18, 49:

multo ceteros anteibant,

Tac. H. 4, 13:

multo praestat beneficii, quam maleficii immemorem esse,

Sall. J. 31, 28.—With malle:

multo mavolo,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 88; id. Ps. 2, 4, 38:

meo judicio multo stare malo, quam, etc.,

Cic. Att. 12, 21, 1.—

With sup. (rare but class.), by far, by much:

quae tibi mulier videtur multo sapientissuma,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 66; id. Am. 2, 2, 150: multo optimus hostis, by far, Lucil. ap. Non. 4, 413:

simulacrum multo antiquissimum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49, § 109; 2, 4, 23, § 50; id. Cat. 4, 8, 17:

maxima pars,

id. Imp. Pomp. 18, 54; cf. Hor. S. 2, 3, 82:

multo id bellum maximum fuit,

Liv. 1, 11, 5:

pars multo maxima,

id. 30, 18, 14: multo molestissima, Cic. Div. in. Caecil. 11, 36:

multo gratissima lux,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 39:

foedissimum,

Quint. 9, 4, 72:

optimum,

id. ib. 26:

pulcherrimum,

id. 1, 2, 24:

utilissima,

id. 2, 10, 1:

maxime,

Auct. Her. 4, 44, 58:

multo maxime miserabile,

Sall. C. 36, 4:

multo maxime ingenio validus,

id. J. 6, 1.—

With particles denoting a difference, far, greatly, very:

multo aliter,

Ter. And. prol. 4:

multo aliter ac sperabat,

far otherwise than, Nep. Ham. 2:

quod non multo secus fieret, si,

not far otherwise, not very different, Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 1: multo infra Cyrenaicum. Plin. 19, 3, 15, § 40. —

In specifications of time, before ante and post, long, much:

non multo ante urbem captam,

Cic. Div. 1, 45, 101:

non multo ante,

not long before, Nep. Eum. 3, 3:

multo ante,

Cic. Fam. 4, 1, 1:

non multo post, quam, etc.,

not long after, id. Att. 12, 49, 9:

haud multo ante solis occasum,

Liv. 5, 39, 2:

multo ante noctem,

id. 27, 42, 13.—

Very rarely with the positive for multum:

maligna multo,

very, Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 83 Umpf.—

Doubled, multo multoque, with comparatives:

multo multoque longior,

far, very much, Front. ad M. Caes. 2, 5:

multo multoque operosius est,

Val. Max. 4, 1, 2: multo multoque magis, Front. Laud. Negl. § 3.

Comp.: plūs, pluris; in the plur., plures, plura (in sing. anciently written plous; three times in the S. C. de Bacch. Here perh. belongs, in the plur., pleores and pleoris, for plures, in the Song of the Arval Brothers.—For the class. neuter of the plur., plura, the form pluria was used in ante-class. Latinity. Gellius cites M. Cato, Q. Claudius, Valerius Antias, L. AElius, P. Nigidius, and M. Varro as authorities for this form, Gell. 5, 21, 6; yet Plautus and Terence have only plura; and the earlier reading pluria, in Lucr. 1, 877; 2, 1135; 4, 1085, is now supplanted by the critically certain plura and plurima.—The gen. plur. plurium, however, has remained the predominant form, e. g. Quint. 7, 1, 1; 8, 4, 27; 9, 4, 66 et saep.) [from the root ple; Gr. pleon, pimplêmi; cf. plenus, plera, compleo, etc.; also locu-ples, plebes, populus, etc.], more.

In the sing. (used both substantively and adverbially): LIBRAS FARRIS ENDO DIES DATO. SI VOLET PLVS DATO, Fragm. XII. Tab. in Gell. 20, 1, 45: SI PLVS MINVSVE SECVERVNT, SE FRAVDE ESTO, ib.;

so (perh. in imitation of this legal phrase): ebeu, cur ego plus minusve feci quam aequom fuit!

Plaut. Capt. 5, 3, 18; Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 21:

ne plus minusve loqueretur,

Suet. Aug. 84; cf. Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 27; and in the signif. of circiter, about: septingenti sunt paulo plus aut minus anni... postquam, etc., Enn. ap. Varr. R. R. 3, 1, 2 (Ann. v. 493 Vahl.);

so. non longius abesse plus minus octo milibus,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 20, 1 Oud.; cf.:

speranti plures... venerunt plusve minusve duae,

Mart. 8, 71, 4:

aut ne quid faciam plus, quod post me minus fecisse satius sit,

too much... too little, Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 4:

tantum et plus etiam ipse mihi deberet,

Cic. Att. 7, 3, 7:

vos et decem numero, et, quod plus est, Romani estis,

and what is more, Liv. 9, 24, 8:

verbane plus an sententia valere debeat,

Cic. Top. 25, 96: [p. 1174] cf.:

apud me argumenta plus quam testes valent,

id. Rep. 1, 38, 59:

valet enim salus plus quam libido,

id. ib. 1, 40, 63.—

With a partitive gen.:

vultis pecuniae plus habere,

Cic. Inv. 1, 47, 88; cf.:

nostri casus plus honoris habuerunt quam laboris,

id. Rep. 1, 4, 7; so,

plus virium,

id. Leg. 1, 2, 6:

plus hostium,

Liv. 2, 42:

plus dapis et rixae multo minus invidiaeque,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 51:

in hac causa eo plus auctoritatis habent, quia, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 3, 16, 26; cf.:

plus ingenii,

id. ib. 1, 14, 22:

Albano non plus animi erat quam fidei,

as little courage as fidelity, Liv. 1, 27, 5.—

With quam (some examples of which have already been given above):

non plus quam semel,

Cic. Off. 3, 15, 61:

confiteor eos... plus quam sicarios esse,

id. Phil. 2, 13, 31:

ne plus reddat quam acceperit,

id. Lael. 16, 58 et saep.:

non plus quam in tres partis posse distribui putaverunt,

into not more than, id. Inv. 1, 34, 57:

plus quam decem dies abesse,

id. Phil. 2, 13, 31:

nulla (navis) plus quam triginta remis agatur,

with more than, Liv. 38, 38, 8.—

Without quam:

HOMINES PLOVS V. OINVORSEI VIREI ATQVE MVLIERES, S. C. de Bacch. 19 (Wordsw. Fragm. and Spec. p. 173): plus mille capti,

Liv. 24, 44:

plus milies audivi,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 32: plus semel, Varr. ap. Plin. 14, 14, 17, § 96:

plus quingentos colaphos infregit mihi,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 46:

ferre plus dimidiati mensis cibaria,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 37:

non plus mille quingentos aeris,

id. Rep. 2, 22, 40:

paulo plus ducentos passus a castris,

Liv. 31, 34:

cum plus annum aeger fuisset,

id. 40, 2:

parte plus dimidia rem auctam,

id. 29, 25.—

With a compar. or adverbial abl., or with an abl. of measure:

VIREI PLOVS DVOBVS, S. C. de Bacch. 20 (Wordsw. Fragm. and Spec. p. 173): de paupertate tacentes Plus poscente ferent,

more than the importunate, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 44:

ex his alius alio plus habet virium,

Cic. Leg. 1, 2, 6: cave putes hoc tempore plus me quemquam cruciari, Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 15, A, 2:

alterum certe non potest, ut plus una vera sit,

Cic. N. D. 1, 2, 5; cf.:

in columba plures videri colores, nec esse plus uno,

id. Ac. 2, 25, 79: HOC PLVS NE FACITO, more than this, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 23, 59:

annos sexaginta natus es Aut plus eo,

or more than that, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 11:

plus aequo,

Cic. Lael. 16, 58:

plus paulo,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 8:

paulo plus,

Liv. 31, 34: multo plus, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8, A, 1:

plus nimio,

overmuch, Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 30: quam molestum est uno digito plus habere, too much by a finger, i. e. a finger too much, Cic. N. D. 1, 35, 99:

uno plus Etruscorum cecidisse in acie,

one man more, Liv. 2, 7, 2.—

In the gen. pretii, pluris, of more value, of a higher price, for more, higher, dearer:

ut plus reddant musti et olei, et pretii pluris,

of greater value, Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 4:

ager multo pluris est,

is worth much more, Cic. Rosc. Com. 12, 33; cf.:

quo pluris sint nostra oliveta,

id. Rep. 3, 9, 16:

pluris emere,

dearer, id. Fam. 7, 2, 1; so,

vendere,

id. Off. 3, 12, 51; id. Verr. 2, 3, 19, § 48; Hor. S. 2, 3, 300:

aedificare,

Col. 1, 4, 7:

pluris est oculatus testis quam auriti decem,

of more value, Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 8:

mea mihi conscientia pluris est, quam omnium sermo,

Cic. Att. 12, 28, 2:

facio pluris omnium hominem neminem,

id. ib. 8, 2, 4:

facere aliquem pluris,

make more of one, esteem him more highly, id. Fam. 3, 4, 2:

pluris habere,

id. Phil. 6, 4, 10:

aestimare,

id. Par. 6, 2, 48:

ducere,

id. Att. 7, 3, 5:

putare,

id. Off. 3, 4, 18 et saep.—

Rarely, instead of the genitive, in the abl. pretii: plure vendunt, Lucil. ap. Charis. 2, p. 189 P.: plure altero tanto, quanto ejus fundus est, velim, Plaut. ib.: plure venit, Cic. ib.—

Plus plusque, more and more: quem mehercule plus plusque in dies diligo. Cic. Att. 6, 2, 10.—

Like magis, with an adj.:

plus formosus, for formosior,

Nemes. Ecl. 4, 72.—

In the plur.

Comparatively, more in number:

omnes qui aere alieno premantur, quos plures esse intellego quam putaram,

Cic. Att. 7, 3, 5; id. Rep. 2, 22, 40:

nemini ego plura acerba esse credo ex amore homini umquam oblata quam mihi,

Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 1:

ne plura insignia essent imperii in libero populo quam in regno fuissent,

Cic. Rep. 2, 31, 55:

multo plura,

many more things, Quint. 3, 6, 28.—

In gen., of a great number, many: qui plus fore dicant in pluribus consilii quam in uno. Cic. Rep. 1, 35, 55: cf.: quid quaeso interest inter unum et plures, si justitia est in pluribus? id. ib. 1, 39, 61;

1, 34, 52: non possunt una in civitate multi rem ac fortunas amittere, ut non plures secum in eandem trahant calamitatem,

id. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:

quod pluribus praesentibus eas res jactari nolebat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 18:

plura castella Pompeius tentaverat,

id. B. C. 3, 52:

summus dolor plures dies manere non potest,

Cic. Fin. 2, 28, 93:

pluribus diebus, Quint. prooem. § 7: illic plurium rerum est congeries,

id. 8, 4, 27:

quae consuetudo sit, pluribus verbis docere,

Cic. Clu. 41, 115:

eum pluribus verbis rogat, ut, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 28, § 64;

without verba: quid ego plura dicam?

id. de Or. 1, 5, 18:

pluribus haec exsecutus sum,

Phaedr. 3, 10, 59;

also elliptically, quid plura? and, ne plura, like quid multa? and ne multa: hic sacra, hic genus, hic majorum multa vestigia. Quid plura? hanc vides villam, etc.,

what need of many words? in short, Cic. Leg. 2, 1, 3:

sed—ne plura—dicendum enim aliquando est—Pomponium Atticum sic amo, ut alterum fratrem,

id. Fam. 13, 1, 5.—

Esp.: plures.

The mass, the multitude, opp. pauciores, = hoi oligoi, Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 13.—

Euphemistically, acc. to the Gr. hoi pleiones, the dead:

quin prius Me ad plures penetravi?

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 14.—

The greater number, the majority:

plures nesciebant qua ex causa convenissent,

Vulg. Act. 19, 32.

Sup.: plūrĭmus (archaic form, plisima plurima, Paul. ex Fest. p. 204 and 205 Mull.: PLIOIRVME (I), Epit. of Scipio), a, um [from root ple; whence also plus, q. v., ploirumus for ploisumus; and thence the predominant form plurimus], most, very much, or many (as an adj. in good prose mostly in the plur., except the standing formula of greeting: salutem plurimam dicere alicui; v. infra):

hujus sunt plurima simulacra,

Caes. B. G. 6, 17:

nos plurimis ignotissimi gentibus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 17, 26:

plurimae et maximae partes,

id. ib. 1, 4, 8:

plurimorum seculorum memoria,

id. ib. 3, 9, 14:

haec plurimis a me verbis dicta sunt,

id. ib. 1, 7, 12 et saep.—In sing.:

me plurima praeda onustum,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 4:

sermo,

Quint. 2, 2, 5:

risus,

id. 6, 3, 85:

res,

id. 6, 1, 51:

exercitatio,

id. 8 prooem. §

28: mons,

very large, Verg. A. 1, 419:

cervix,

id. G. 3, 52:

Aetna,

Ov. Ib. 600.—Of a greeting: impertit salutem plurimam, Lucil. ap. Non. 472. 16; and esp. freq.: salutem plurimam dicit (commonly abbrev. S. P. D.) at the beginning of letters; v. salus.— Poet.:

medio cum plurimus orbe Sol erat,

very powerful, oppressive, Ov. M. 14, 53: plurima qua silva est. thickest, id. ib. 14, 361:

coma plurima,

very thick, id. ib. 13, 844:

sed plurima nantis in ore Alcyone conjux,

mostly, chiefly, id. ib. 11, 562.—And collect.:

plurimus in Junonis honorem Aptum dicet equis Argos,

many a one, very many, Hor. C. 1, 7, 8; so,

oleaster plurimus,

Verg. G. 2, 183:

qua plurima mittitur ales,

Mart. 9, 56, 1:

plurima lecta rosa est,

Ov. F. 4, 441.— In neutr. absol. (substant. or adverb.):

ut haberet quam plurimum,

as much as possible, Cic. Rab. Post. 14, 39:

caput autem est, quam plurimum scribere,

id. de Or. 1, 33, 150:

ut in quoque oratore plurimum esset,

id. Rep. 1, 27, 123.— Adv.: plūrĭmum:

et is valebat in suffragio plurimum, cujus plurimum intererat, esse in optimo statu civitatem,

Cic. Rep. 2, 22, 40:

auspiciis plurimum obsecutus est Romulus,

id. ib. 2, 9, 16:

si vero populus plurimum potest,

id. ib. 3, 14, 23; cf.:

qui apud me dignitate plurimum possunt,

id. Rosc. Am. 1, 4:

plurimum aliis praestare,

id. Inv. 2, 1, 1:

ut te plurimum diligam,

id. Fam. 1, 7, 1; id. Tusc. 5, 27, 78:

hoc ego utor uno omnium plurimum,

id. Fam. 11, 16, 2:

quantum (al. quanto) plurimum possunt,

Quint. 11, 3, 120: plurimum quantum also signifies very much indeed, exceedingly (post-class.):

plurimum quantum veritati nocuere,

Min. Fel. Oct. 22:

gratulor,

id. ib. 40:

(elleborum) ex aqua datur plurimum drachma,

at the most, Plin. 25, 5, 22, § 54; 9, 36, 60, § 125; 30, 6, 16, § 48; so,

cum plurimum,

id. 2, 17, 15, § 78 (opp. to cum minimum); 18, 7, 10, § 60: nec tam numerosa differentia; tribus ut plurimum bonitatibus distat, for the most part, commonly, usually, = plerumque, Plin. 15, 3, 4, § 18.—

In neutr. with a partit. gen.: sententiarum et gravitatis plurimum, Cic. Inv. 1, 18, 25:

artis,

Quint. 10, 5, 3:

auctoritatis et ponderis,

id. 9, 4, 91:

ut laboris sic utilitatis etiam longe plurimum,

id. 10, 3, 1:

virtutum,

id. 12, 1, 20 plurimum quantum favoris partibus dabat fratermtas ducum, Flor. 4, 2, 74.—

In the gen. pretii:

plurimi: immo unice unum plurimi pendit,

values very highly, esteems very much, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 29:

quem unum Alexander plurimi fecerat,

Nep. Eum. 2, 2:

ut quisque quod plurimi est possidet,

Cic. Par. 6, 2, 48.

* * *

immŏdĭcus ( inm-), a, um, adj. [in modicus], beyond bounds, beyond measure, excessive, unrestrained, unruly, immoderate (perh. not ante-Aug.).

Lit. (very rare):

prominet immodicum pro longa cuspide rostrum,

Ov. M. 6, 673:

tuber,

id. ib. 8, 808:

fluctus,

id. H. 18, 137:

frigus,

id. P. 3, 1, 14; cf.:

continuae et immodicae tempestates,

Suet. Aug. 47.—Far more freq.,

Trop., excessive, unrestrained, extravagant, immoderate, etc.:

immodicus in numero augendo esse solet,

is in the habit of exaggerating numbers, Liv. 38, 23, 8:

in appetendis honoribus immodicus,

Vell. 2, 33, 3:

immodicus linguā,

Liv. 22, 12, 11:

animi,

Sall. H. 1, 114 Dietsch:

tum verbis tum rebus immodicus,

extravagant in words and deeds, Suet. Dom. 12:

Gracchi legibus (ferendis),

Luc. 6, 796:

assiduus potius quam immodicus (praeceptor),

Quint. 2, 2, 5:

imperia,

Liv. 21, 3, 5; so,

licentia crudelitatis,

Vell. 2, 28, 2:

decreta ad honores sociorum,

Liv. 31, 45, 2:

libido possidendi,

Col. 1, 3, 11:

fastus,

Ov. A. A. 3, 511:

populi acclamationes,

Suet. Caes. 79:

oratio,

too long, Plin. Ep. 9, 4, 1:

periodus,

Quint. 9, 4, 125.—

With gen.:

gloriae,

Vell. 2, 11:

irae,

Stat. Th. 1, 41:

libidinis,

Col. 7, 6, 3:

laetitiae et maeroris,

Tac. A. 15, 23:

fugae,

Sil. 12, 268:

animi,

Tac. H. 1, 53.—As subst.:

immodica cupere,

Sen. Ben. 1, 9, 2.—Hence, adv.: immŏ-dĭcē, beyond measure, excessively, immoderately:

si sanguis ex vulnere immodice fluat,

Plin. 30, 13, 38, § 112:

fucata formam,

Luc. 10, 137:

frequenter id potius quam immodice facere,

Col. 2, 16, 2:

opportunae positae (figurae) cum immodice petantur,

Quint. 9, 3, 100:

immodesteque gloriari,

Liv. 22, 27, 2:

sibi arrogare eloquentiam,

Quint. 11, 1, 19:

ferocire,

Gell. 1, 11, 2:

capere voluptatem ex aliqua re,

id. 19, 2, 1.

immŏdĭcus ( inm-), a, um, adj. [in modicus], beyond bounds, beyond measure, excessive, unrestrained, unruly, immoderate (perh. not ante-Aug.).

Lit. (very rare):

prominet immodicum pro longa cuspide rostrum,

Ov. M. 6, 673:

tuber,

id. ib. 8, 808:

fluctus,

id. H. 18, 137:

frigus,

id. P. 3, 1, 14; cf.:

continuae et immodicae tempestates,

Suet. Aug. 47.—Far more freq.,

Trop., excessive, unrestrained, extravagant, immoderate, etc.:

immodicus in numero augendo esse solet,

is in the habit of exaggerating numbers, Liv. 38, 23, 8:

in appetendis honoribus immodicus,

Vell. 2, 33, 3:

immodicus linguā,

Liv. 22, 12, 11:

animi,

Sall. H. 1, 114 Dietsch:

tum verbis tum rebus immodicus,

extravagant in words and deeds, Suet. Dom. 12:

Gracchi legibus (ferendis),

Luc. 6, 796:

assiduus potius quam immodicus (praeceptor),

Quint. 2, 2, 5:

imperia,

Liv. 21, 3, 5; so,

licentia crudelitatis,

Vell. 2, 28, 2:

decreta ad honores sociorum,

Liv. 31, 45, 2:

libido possidendi,

Col. 1, 3, 11:

fastus,

Ov. A. A. 3, 511:

populi acclamationes,

Suet. Caes. 79:

oratio,

too long, Plin. Ep. 9, 4, 1:

periodus,

Quint. 9, 4, 125.—

With gen.:

gloriae,

Vell. 2, 11:

irae,

Stat. Th. 1, 41:

libidinis,

Col. 7, 6, 3:

laetitiae et maeroris,

Tac. A. 15, 23:

fugae,

Sil. 12, 268:

animi,

Tac. H. 1, 53.—As subst.:

immodica cupere,

Sen. Ben. 1, 9, 2.—Hence, adv.: immŏ-dĭcē, beyond measure, excessively, immoderately:

si sanguis ex vulnere immodice fluat,

Plin. 30, 13, 38, § 112:

fucata formam,

Luc. 10, 137:

frequenter id potius quam immodice facere,

Col. 2, 16, 2:

opportunae positae (figurae) cum immodice petantur,

Quint. 9, 3, 100:

immodesteque gloriari,

Liv. 22, 27, 2:

sibi arrogare eloquentiam,

Quint. 11, 1, 19:

ferocire,

Gell. 1, 11, 2:

capere voluptatem ex aliqua re,

id. 19, 2, 1.

ambĭtĭōsus, a, um, adj. [ambitio].

(Very rare and mostly poet.) Going round, encompassing; poet., embracing, twining round:

lascivis hederis ambitiosior,

Hor. C. 1, 36, 20 (cf.:

undique ambientibus ramis,

Curt. 4, 7, 16).—Of a river, making circuits, having many windings:

Jordanes amnis ambitiosus,

Plin. 5, 15, 15, § 71.— Of oratorical ornament, excessive, superfluous:

vir bonus ambitiosa recidet Ornamenta,

Hor. A. P. 447.—

Transf.

That asks for a thing fawningly; esp., that solicits the favor, good-will, etc., of any one, in a good and bad sense, honor-loving, ambitious, courting favor; vain, vainglorious, conceited, etc.:

qui ita sit ambitiosus, ut omnes vos nosque cotidie persalutet,

Cic. Fl. 18:

homo minime ambitiosus, minime in rogando molestus,

id. Fam. 13, 1:

ne forte me in Graecos tam ambitiosum factum esse mirere,

desirous of the favor of the Greeks, id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2:

pro nostris ut sis ambitiosa malis, Ov P. 3, 1, 84: pro nato caerula mater Ambitiosa suo fuit,

i.e. begs fawningly of Vulcan for weapons for her son, id. M. 13, 289:

malis artibus ambitiosus,

seeking to ingratiate one's self, Tac. H. 2, 57:

salubris magis princeps quam ambitiosus,

Suet. Aug. 42 al. —

Pass., that is willingly solicited or entreated, ambitious; much sought, honored, admired:

ambitiosus et qui ambit et qui ambitur,

Gell. 9, 12:

turba caelestes ambitiosa sumus,

Ov. F. 5, 298:

sexus muliebris saevus, ambitiosus, potestatis avidus,

Tac. A. 3, 33: si locuples hostis est, avari;

si pauper, ambitiosi,

id. Agr. 30:

nota quidem sed non ambitiosa domus,

not sought after, Ov. Tr. 1, 9, 18 Jahn: ambitiosae pulchritudinis scortum. Just. 30, 2. —

Of things, vain, ostentatious:

amicitiae,

founded merely on the desire to please, interested, Cic. Att. 1, 18:

rogationes,

id. Fam. 6, 12; so id. ib. 6, 6:

gloriandi genus,

Quint. 11, 1, 22:

preces,

urgent, Tac. H. 2, 49:

sententiae,

Suet. Dom. 8: mors, ambitious, i. e. to obtain fame, Tac. Agr. 42:

medicina ars,

boastful, Plin. 29, 1, 8, § 20:

et quaesitorum pelago terrāque ciborum Ambitiosa fames,

Luc. 4, 376:

atria,

splendid, gorgeous, Mart. 12, 69:

ambitiosis utilia praeferre,

Quint. 1, 2, 27:

ambitiosius id existimans quam domi suae majestas postularet,

more condescending, submissive, Suet. Aug. 25.—

In rhet.: orator ambitiosus, who seeks to rouse attention by obsolete or unusual expressions:

antigerio nemo nisi ambitiosus utetur,

Quint. 8, 3, 26.—Hence, adv.: ambĭtĭōsē, ambitiously, ostentatiously, etc.:

de triumpho ambitiose agere,

Cic. Att. 15, 1:

ambitiose regnum petere,

Liv. 1, 35: amicitias ambitiose colere, Tac. [p. 103] H. 1, 10 al.— Comp., Cic. Fam. 3, 7.— Sup., Quint. 6, 3, 68.

ambĭtĭōsus, a, um, adj. [ambitio].

(Very rare and mostly poet.) Going round, encompassing; poet., embracing, twining round:

lascivis hederis ambitiosior,

Hor. C. 1, 36, 20 (cf.:

undique ambientibus ramis,

Curt. 4, 7, 16).—Of a river, making circuits, having many windings:

Jordanes amnis ambitiosus,

Plin. 5, 15, 15, § 71.— Of oratorical ornament, excessive, superfluous:

vir bonus ambitiosa recidet Ornamenta,

Hor. A. P. 447.—

Transf.

That asks for a thing fawningly; esp., that solicits the favor, good-will, etc., of any one, in a good and bad sense, honor-loving, ambitious, courting favor; vain, vainglorious, conceited, etc.:

qui ita sit ambitiosus, ut omnes vos nosque cotidie persalutet,

Cic. Fl. 18:

homo minime ambitiosus, minime in rogando molestus,

id. Fam. 13, 1:

ne forte me in Graecos tam ambitiosum factum esse mirere,

desirous of the favor of the Greeks, id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2:

pro nostris ut sis ambitiosa malis, Ov P. 3, 1, 84: pro nato caerula mater Ambitiosa suo fuit,

i.e. begs fawningly of Vulcan for weapons for her son, id. M. 13, 289:

malis artibus ambitiosus,

seeking to ingratiate one's self, Tac. H. 2, 57:

salubris magis princeps quam ambitiosus,

Suet. Aug. 42 al. —

Pass., that is willingly solicited or entreated, ambitious; much sought, honored, admired:

ambitiosus et qui ambit et qui ambitur,

Gell. 9, 12:

turba caelestes ambitiosa sumus,

Ov. F. 5, 298:

sexus muliebris saevus, ambitiosus, potestatis avidus,

Tac. A. 3, 33: si locuples hostis est, avari;

si pauper, ambitiosi,

id. Agr. 30:

nota quidem sed non ambitiosa domus,

not sought after, Ov. Tr. 1, 9, 18 Jahn: ambitiosae pulchritudinis scortum. Just. 30, 2. —

Of things, vain, ostentatious:

amicitiae,

founded merely on the desire to please, interested, Cic. Att. 1, 18:

rogationes,

id. Fam. 6, 12; so id. ib. 6, 6:

gloriandi genus,

Quint. 11, 1, 22:

preces,

urgent, Tac. H. 2, 49:

sententiae,

Suet. Dom. 8: mors, ambitious, i. e. to obtain fame, Tac. Agr. 42:

medicina ars,

boastful, Plin. 29, 1, 8, § 20:

et quaesitorum pelago terrāque ciborum Ambitiosa fames,

Luc. 4, 376:

atria,

splendid, gorgeous, Mart. 12, 69:

ambitiosis utilia praeferre,

Quint. 1, 2, 27:

ambitiosius id existimans quam domi suae majestas postularet,

more condescending, submissive, Suet. Aug. 25.—

In rhet.: orator ambitiosus, who seeks to rouse attention by obsolete or unusual expressions:

antigerio nemo nisi ambitiosus utetur,

Quint. 8, 3, 26.—Hence, adv.: ambĭtĭōsē, ambitiously, ostentatiously, etc.:

de triumpho ambitiose agere,

Cic. Att. 15, 1:

ambitiose regnum petere,

Liv. 1, 35: amicitias ambitiose colere, Tac. [p. 103] H. 1, 10 al.— Comp., Cic. Fam. 3, 7.— Sup., Quint. 6, 3, 68.

impŏtens ( inp-), entis, adj. [2. in-potens], powerless, impotent, weak, feeble (class.).

In gen.

Absol.:

neque homini infanti aut impotenti injuste facta conducunt,

Cic. Fin. 1, 16, 52:

ad opem impotentium,

id. Mur. 28, 59; cf.

Sall. Or. Licin.: (Juno) inulta cesserat impotens Tellure,

Hor. C. 2, 1, 26.—

With gen., having no power over, not master of, unable to control:

gens impotens rerum suarum,

Liv. 9, 14, 5; cf.:

equi impotentes regendi,

id. 35, 11, 10:

ob sitim impotentes sui,

Curt. 4, 7:

impotens irae,

Liv. 29, 9, 9:

laetitiae,

id. 30, 42, 17:

amoris,

Tac. H. 4, 44:

doloris,

Val. Max. 4, 6, 2:

animi,

Curt. 8, 1 fin. al. —

In partic., that is not master of himself, unbridled, headstrong, violent, insolent, immoderate, excessive, furious (syn.: effrenatus, infrenus).

Of animated beings:

mea (amica) est impotens, procax,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 15:

victoria eos ipsos ferociores impotentioresque reddit,

Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 3:

impotens, iracundus, etc.,

id. Phil. 5, 9, 24:

homo impotentissim us, ardens odio,

id. ib. 5, 16, 42:

confidens, impotens, etc.,

id. ib. 11, 7, 16:

Marius immodicus gloriae, insatiabilis, impotens,

Vell. 2, 11, 1:

si contra impotentem suscepta est causa,

Quint. 6, 1, 12:

ferox atque impotens mulier,

Suet. Ner. 28:

inimici,

id. Claud. 15:

militibus impotens,

violent, despotic towards the soldiers, Just. 26, 3.—

Poet. with inf.:

(regina) quidlibet impotens Sperare,

Hor. C. 1, 37, 10.—

Of inanim. and abstr. things:

quae effrenatio impotentis animi!

Cic. Phil. 5, 8, 22; cf.:

aut nullos animi motus aut non tam impotentes fuisse,

id. Part. Or. 35, 119:

laetitia,

id. Tusc. 5, 7, 17:

impotentissimus dominatus,

id. Fam. 10, 27, 1:

in multo impotentiorem subito rabiem accensi,

Liv. 29, 9, 6:

impotentissimae cogitationes (invidiae, avaritiae, etc.),

Quint. 12, 1, 6:

actiones,

id. 5, 13, 21:

superstitio (with saeva),

Curt. 4, 10:

postulatum,

Liv. 7, 41, 8:

jussa mulierum (with pervicacia),

Tac. A. 3, 33:

injuria,

Liv. 38, 56, 11:

amor,

Cat. 35, 12:

Aquilo,

Hor. C. 3, 30, 3; cf.

freta,

Cat. 4, 18.— Hence, adv.: impŏtenter.

(Acc. to I.) Powerlessly, weakly (very rare):

elephantos impotentius regi,

Liv. 27, 48, 11.— More freq., but perh. not anteAug.,

(Acc. to II.) Passionately, violently, intemperately:

aliquid facere,

Quint. 1, 3, 13:

dicere aliquid,

id. 6, 3, 83:

uti magna potentia,

Sen. Ep. 42:

flagitare divisionem agrorum divitum,

Just. 16, 4: regnare, Auct. B. Alex. 33. — Sup.:

quae impotentissime fecit,

Sen. Ben. 4, 17.

imprŏbus ( inpr-), a, um, adj. [2. inprobus], not according to the standard.

Lit.

Below the standard, i. e. of bad quality, bad, poor, inferior (rare;

mostly post-Aug.): merces,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 43:

opera araneorum et textura inproba,

id. Stich. 2, 2, 24:

panis,

Mart. 10, 5, 5:

improbiores postes,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 139:

tua sum opera et propter te inprobior,

id. Bacch. 5, 2, 84.—

Above or beyond the standard, i. e. enormous, monstrous, excessive:

genua,

Col. 6, 1, 3:

arva,

Val. Fl. 1, 510; 2, 631 (cf. Forbig. ad Verg. G. 1, 119; Orell. ad Hor. C. 3, 9, 22):

Chilones a labris improbioribus,

Charis. p. 78 P.:

mons,

Verg. A. 12, 687:

tegmina plantae,

Val. Fl. 6, 702:

improbo somno, quem nec tertia saepe rumpit hora,

Mart. 12, 18, 13:

villus barbarum in capris,

Plin. 12, 17, 37, § 73:

reptatus (vitium),

id. 14, 1, 3, § 13; Stat. Th. 6, 838:

imber improbior,

Sen. Q. N. 4, 4 fin. (in Sall. ap. Non. 366, 13; Hist. Fragm. 4, 40 Dietsch, the true read. is in prora).—

Transf., of mind and character.

Restless, indomitable, persistent (cf.:

pervicax, perstans, vehemens, acer): labor omnia vincit improbus,

Verg. G. 1, 146:

tum cornix plena pluviam vocat improba voce,

id. ib. 1, 388:

quatit improbus hastam,

id. A. 11, 767; cf. Hor. C. 3, 9, 23; Mart. 1, 105, 2; Ov. Tr. 1, 11, 41.—

Morally bad; wicked, reprobate, abandoned, vile, base, impious, ungodly, unjust, dishonest; bold, shameless, impudent; violent, fierce, outrageous (syn.: malus, malignus, pravus, depravatus, nequam).

Of living beings: NI TESTIMONIVM FARIATVR IMPROBVS INTESTABILISQVE ESTO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 15, 13 fin.:

qui improbi essent et scelesti,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 137:

nequam et improbus,

Cic. Deiot. 7, 21:

illud vero improbi esse hominis et perfidiosi,

id. de Or. 2, 73, 297: Cresphontes, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 24, 38 (Trag. v. 156 Vahl.):

populum aut inflammare in improbos aut incitatum in bonos mitigare,

Cic. de Or. 1, 46, 202:

longe post natos homines improbisssimus,

id. Brut. 62, 224:

cum in me tam improbus fuit,

id. Att. 9, 15, 5:

ab ingenio est improbus,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 59:

ut alias res est impense improbus,

id. Ep. 4, 1, 39:

negat improbus et te Neglegit, aut horret,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 63:

anus,

id. S. 2, 5, 84:

cum eum, qui sit improbus, latronem dicimus,

Quint. 8, 4, 1; 1, 8, 21:

(anguis) piscibus atram inprobus ingluviem explet,

voracious, Verg. G. 3, 431:

lupus,

id. A. 9, 62:

Jovis ales,

id. ib. 12, 250:

annis,

by his youth, Juv. 3, 282:

Fortuna arridens infantibus,

mischievous, id. 6, 605. — Comp.:

inprobior satiram scribente cinaedo,

Juv. 4, 106. —

With gen.: conubii, Stat. Th. [p. 909] 7, 300. —

Of inanim. and abstr. things:

improbo Iracundior Hadria,

Hor. C. 3, 9, 22:

lavit improba taeter Ora (leonis) cruor,

Verg. A. 10, 727:

perfricare faciem et quasi improbam facere,

shameless, impudent, Quint. 11, 3, 160; cf.:

oris improbi homo,

Suet. Gramm. 15:

divitiae,

Hor. C. 3, 24, 62:

improba non fuerit si mea charta, dato,

Mart. 8, 24, 2:

satureia,

exciting lust, id. 3, 75, 4:

ingenio improbo,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 16:

facta,

id. Truc. 2, 7, 4:

dicta,

licentious, Ov. F. 5, 686:

verba,

id. A. A. 3, 796; cf.

carmina,

id. Tr. 2, 441:

legis improbissimae poena,

Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 2:

testamentum,

illegal, id. Verr. 2, 1, 42, § 107:

mala et improba defensio,

id. ib. 2, 2, 41, §

101: amor,

Verg. A. 4, 412; Hor. S. 1, 3, 24 (cf.:

improbus, turpis, Schol. Cruq. ad loc.): spes,

Quint. 12, 1, 13:

improba ventris rabies,

Verg. A. 2, 356:

quo apertior adulatio, quo improbior, hoc citius expugnat,

Sen. Q. N. 4 praef. med.:

improba quamvis gratia fallaci praetoris vicerit urna,

Juv. 13, 3.— Adv., in two forms, imprŏbē (class.) and improbĭter (perh. only once in Petr. 66).

Beyond measure, immoderately, enormously (very rare):

ad eos, quibus intestinum improbe prominet,

Marc. Emp. 31 med.:

de quodam procerae staturae improbiusque nato,

i. e. uncommonly well furnished, Suet. Vesp. 23:

Chilones improbius labrati,

Charis. p. 78 P. —

(Acc. to II.) Badly, wrongly, improperly:

multa scelerate, multa audacter, multa improbe fecisti,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 36, 104:

facere aliquid,

Quint. 1, 3, 13:

quibus improbe datum est,

Cic. Off. 2, 22, 79:

quid ego miror, si quid ab improbis de me improbe dicitur?

id. Sull. 10, 30:

praeda improbe parta,

id. Fin. 1, 16, 51:

aliquid petere,

Quint. 6, 3, 95:

non improbe litigabunt,

id. 12, 7, 5:

ignorantia et inscitia improbe dicentium, quae non intellegunt,

incorrectly, Gell. 15, 5, 1;

so with indocte,

id. 15, 9, 4.— Comp.:

estne aliquid, quod improbius fieri possit?

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 60, § 140:

decerpere oscula,

Cat. 68, 126. — Sup.:

quas (res) improbissime fecit,

Cic. Caecin. 9, 23:

respondere,

id. Pis. 6, 13.

impŏtens ( inp-), entis, adj. [2. in-potens], powerless, impotent, weak, feeble (class.).

In gen.

Absol.:

neque homini infanti aut impotenti injuste facta conducunt,

Cic. Fin. 1, 16, 52:

ad opem impotentium,

id. Mur. 28, 59; cf.

Sall. Or. Licin.: (Juno) inulta cesserat impotens Tellure,

Hor. C. 2, 1, 26.—

With gen., having no power over, not master of, unable to control:

gens impotens rerum suarum,

Liv. 9, 14, 5; cf.:

equi impotentes regendi,

id. 35, 11, 10:

ob sitim impotentes sui,

Curt. 4, 7:

impotens irae,

Liv. 29, 9, 9:

laetitiae,

id. 30, 42, 17:

amoris,

Tac. H. 4, 44:

doloris,

Val. Max. 4, 6, 2:

animi,

Curt. 8, 1 fin. al. —

In partic., that is not master of himself, unbridled, headstrong, violent, insolent, immoderate, excessive, furious (syn.: effrenatus, infrenus).

Of animated beings:

mea (amica) est impotens, procax,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 15:

victoria eos ipsos ferociores impotentioresque reddit,

Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 3:

impotens, iracundus, etc.,

id. Phil. 5, 9, 24:

homo impotentissim us, ardens odio,

id. ib. 5, 16, 42:

confidens, impotens, etc.,

id. ib. 11, 7, 16:

Marius immodicus gloriae, insatiabilis, impotens,

Vell. 2, 11, 1:

si contra impotentem suscepta est causa,

Quint. 6, 1, 12:

ferox atque impotens mulier,

Suet. Ner. 28:

inimici,

id. Claud. 15:

militibus impotens,

violent, despotic towards the soldiers, Just. 26, 3.—

Poet. with inf.:

(regina) quidlibet impotens Sperare,

Hor. C. 1, 37, 10.—

Of inanim. and abstr. things:

quae effrenatio impotentis animi!

Cic. Phil. 5, 8, 22; cf.:

aut nullos animi motus aut non tam impotentes fuisse,

id. Part. Or. 35, 119:

laetitia,

id. Tusc. 5, 7, 17:

impotentissimus dominatus,

id. Fam. 10, 27, 1:

in multo impotentiorem subito rabiem accensi,

Liv. 29, 9, 6:

impotentissimae cogitationes (invidiae, avaritiae, etc.),

Quint. 12, 1, 6:

actiones,

id. 5, 13, 21:

superstitio (with saeva),

Curt. 4, 10:

postulatum,

Liv. 7, 41, 8:

jussa mulierum (with pervicacia),

Tac. A. 3, 33:

injuria,

Liv. 38, 56, 11:

amor,

Cat. 35, 12:

Aquilo,

Hor. C. 3, 30, 3; cf.

freta,

Cat. 4, 18.— Hence, adv.: impŏtenter.

(Acc. to I.) Powerlessly, weakly (very rare):

elephantos impotentius regi,

Liv. 27, 48, 11.— More freq., but perh. not anteAug.,

(Acc. to II.) Passionately, violently, intemperately:

aliquid facere,

Quint. 1, 3, 13:

dicere aliquid,

id. 6, 3, 83:

uti magna potentia,

Sen. Ep. 42:

flagitare divisionem agrorum divitum,

Just. 16, 4: regnare, Auct. B. Alex. 33. — Sup.:

quae impotentissime fecit,

Sen. Ben. 4, 17.

imprŏbus ( inpr-), a, um, adj. [2. inprobus], not according to the standard.

Lit.

Below the standard, i. e. of bad quality, bad, poor, inferior (rare;

mostly post-Aug.): merces,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 43:

opera araneorum et textura inproba,

id. Stich. 2, 2, 24:

panis,

Mart. 10, 5, 5:

improbiores postes,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 139:

tua sum opera et propter te inprobior,

id. Bacch. 5, 2, 84.—

Above or beyond the standard, i. e. enormous, monstrous, excessive:

genua,

Col. 6, 1, 3:

arva,

Val. Fl. 1, 510; 2, 631 (cf. Forbig. ad Verg. G. 1, 119; Orell. ad Hor. C. 3, 9, 22):

Chilones a labris improbioribus,

Charis. p. 78 P.:

mons,

Verg. A. 12, 687:

tegmina plantae,

Val. Fl. 6, 702:

improbo somno, quem nec tertia saepe rumpit hora,

Mart. 12, 18, 13:

villus barbarum in capris,

Plin. 12, 17, 37, § 73:

reptatus (vitium),

id. 14, 1, 3, § 13; Stat. Th. 6, 838:

imber improbior,

Sen. Q. N. 4, 4 fin. (in Sall. ap. Non. 366, 13; Hist. Fragm. 4, 40 Dietsch, the true read. is in prora).—

Transf., of mind and character.

Restless, indomitable, persistent (cf.:

pervicax, perstans, vehemens, acer): labor omnia vincit improbus,

Verg. G. 1, 146:

tum cornix plena pluviam vocat improba voce,

id. ib. 1, 388:

quatit improbus hastam,

id. A. 11, 767; cf. Hor. C. 3, 9, 23; Mart. 1, 105, 2; Ov. Tr. 1, 11, 41.—

Morally bad; wicked, reprobate, abandoned, vile, base, impious, ungodly, unjust, dishonest; bold, shameless, impudent; violent, fierce, outrageous (syn.: malus, malignus, pravus, depravatus, nequam).

Of living beings: NI TESTIMONIVM FARIATVR IMPROBVS INTESTABILISQVE ESTO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 15, 13 fin.:

qui improbi essent et scelesti,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 137:

nequam et improbus,

Cic. Deiot. 7, 21:

illud vero improbi esse hominis et perfidiosi,

id. de Or. 2, 73, 297: Cresphontes, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 24, 38 (Trag. v. 156 Vahl.):

populum aut inflammare in improbos aut incitatum in bonos mitigare,

Cic. de Or. 1, 46, 202:

longe post natos homines improbisssimus,

id. Brut. 62, 224:

cum in me tam improbus fuit,

id. Att. 9, 15, 5:

ab ingenio est improbus,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 59:

ut alias res est impense improbus,

id. Ep. 4, 1, 39:

negat improbus et te Neglegit, aut horret,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 63:

anus,

id. S. 2, 5, 84:

cum eum, qui sit improbus, latronem dicimus,

Quint. 8, 4, 1; 1, 8, 21:

(anguis) piscibus atram inprobus ingluviem explet,

voracious, Verg. G. 3, 431:

lupus,

id. A. 9, 62:

Jovis ales,

id. ib. 12, 250:

annis,

by his youth, Juv. 3, 282:

Fortuna arridens infantibus,

mischievous, id. 6, 605. — Comp.:

inprobior satiram scribente cinaedo,

Juv. 4, 106. —

With gen.: conubii, Stat. Th. [p. 909] 7, 300. —

Of inanim. and abstr. things:

improbo Iracundior Hadria,

Hor. C. 3, 9, 22:

lavit improba taeter Ora (leonis) cruor,

Verg. A. 10, 727:

perfricare faciem et quasi improbam facere,

shameless, impudent, Quint. 11, 3, 160; cf.:

oris improbi homo,

Suet. Gramm. 15:

divitiae,

Hor. C. 3, 24, 62:

improba non fuerit si mea charta, dato,

Mart. 8, 24, 2:

satureia,

exciting lust, id. 3, 75, 4:

ingenio improbo,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 16:

facta,

id. Truc. 2, 7, 4:

dicta,

licentious, Ov. F. 5, 686:

verba,

id. A. A. 3, 796; cf.

carmina,

id. Tr. 2, 441:

legis improbissimae poena,

Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 2:

testamentum,

illegal, id. Verr. 2, 1, 42, § 107:

mala et improba defensio,

id. ib. 2, 2, 41, §

101: amor,

Verg. A. 4, 412; Hor. S. 1, 3, 24 (cf.:

improbus, turpis, Schol. Cruq. ad loc.): spes,

Quint. 12, 1, 13:

improba ventris rabies,

Verg. A. 2, 356:

quo apertior adulatio, quo improbior, hoc citius expugnat,

Sen. Q. N. 4 praef. med.:

improba quamvis gratia fallaci praetoris vicerit urna,

Juv. 13, 3.— Adv., in two forms, imprŏbē (class.) and improbĭter (perh. only once in Petr. 66).

Beyond measure, immoderately, enormously (very rare):

ad eos, quibus intestinum improbe prominet,

Marc. Emp. 31 med.:

de quodam procerae staturae improbiusque nato,

i. e. uncommonly well furnished, Suet. Vesp. 23:

Chilones improbius labrati,

Charis. p. 78 P. —

(Acc. to II.) Badly, wrongly, improperly:

multa scelerate, multa audacter, multa improbe fecisti,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 36, 104:

facere aliquid,

Quint. 1, 3, 13:

quibus improbe datum est,

Cic. Off. 2, 22, 79:

quid ego miror, si quid ab improbis de me improbe dicitur?

id. Sull. 10, 30:

praeda improbe parta,

id. Fin. 1, 16, 51:

aliquid petere,

Quint. 6, 3, 95:

non improbe litigabunt,

id. 12, 7, 5:

ignorantia et inscitia improbe dicentium, quae non intellegunt,

incorrectly, Gell. 15, 5, 1;

so with indocte,

id. 15, 9, 4.— Comp.:

estne aliquid, quod improbius fieri possit?

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 60, § 140:

decerpere oscula,

Cat. 68, 126. — Sup.:

quas (res) improbissime fecit,

Cic. Caecin. 9, 23:

respondere,

id. Pis. 6, 13.